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Example of Capability Analysis Data For some critical dimensions we need to measure more than 1 part For capability data we usually measure 5 pcs 2 times/hour=100 pcs (but sampling plan needs to be made on the basis of production quantity, run duration and cycle time) Why Make Process Capability Studies The Nokia Process Verification Process Population versus Sample Population An entire group of objects that have been made or will be made containing a characteristic of interest The Normal Distribution Exercise 1: Sample Distributions 1. In Excel file Data exercise 1.xls you find 100 measurements being the result of a capability study. The specification for the dimension is 15,16?,01 2. How well does the sample population fit the specification, e.g. should we expect any parts outside spec? 3. Mention possible consequences of having a part outside spec . 4. Mention possible causes of variation for parts. 5. Calculate the sample mean and sample standard deviation for the 100 measurements. Use the average and stdev functions Excel. Defining Cp and Pp Defining Cpk and Ppk What is the Difference Between Cp and Cpk? We can never measure all parts in the population, so we are forced to take samples from the population Any statistic that we calculate from the sample is an estimate only of the population. Any estimate can be wrong. At +/- 1-sigma, if we mathematically integrate the area underneath the curve, we have 34.13% of the population lying between the mean and + 1-sigma, and 34.13% between the mean and -1-sigma This is the way that the Normal Distribution works in predicting that there is a far greater chance to lie near to the mean than far away There is 68.26% of the population lying between +/- 1-sigma from the mean When we move further from the mean, there is 13.60% of the population lying between +1 and +2-sigma, and similarly between -1 and -2-sigma In total between +/- 2-sigma, there lies 95.46% of the population When we move further from the mean, there is