两千多个小时的课程视频IssuesinRealcourse-北京大学网络与信息.PPT

Characterization of Distributed Systems /~course/cs501/2008 Hongfei Yan School of EECS, Peking University 2/18/2008 Outline Introduction motivation, definition, and characteristics Examples of distributed systems Challenges Summary Distributed System Motivation Resource sharing It characterizes the range of the things that can usefully be shared in a networked computer It extends from hardware components to software-defined entities. It includes the stream of video frames and the audio connection. Collabarative computing Parallel vs. Distributed Computing Distributed System Defination A distributed system is one in which hardware or software components located at networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions only by passing messages. Distributed System Defination (contd.) Applications Gmail, Online game, Search Engine, P2P systems, …… Middleware ICE, CORBA, DCOM, …. Network Internet, Mobile phone networks, Corporation networks, Factory networks, Campus networks, Home networks Outline Introduction Examples of distributed systems Challenges Summary Examples of distributed systems Large distributed systems The Internet, The Intranet, Mobile computing Typical distributed system DNS service Distributed file system New fields in distributed systems Mobile computing P2P Applications (BT, eMule) Distributed systems nearby Tianwang SE, Maze, Realcourse Web的诞生 1980年Tim Berners-Lee负责的Enquire（Enquire Within Upon Everything的简称）项目。 1990年11月，第一个Web服务器nxoc01.cern.ch开始运行，Tim Berners-Lee在自己编写的图形化Web浏览器“WorldWideWeb”上看到了最早的Web页面。 1991年，CERN（European Particle Physics Laboratory）正式发布了Web技术标准。 目前，与Web相关的各种技术标准都由著名的W3C组织（World Wide Web Consortium）管理和维护。 Web的支撑技术 用超文本技术（HTML）实现信息与信息的连接 用统一资源定位技术（URI）实现全球信息的精确定位 用新的应用层协议（HTTP）实现分布式的信息共享。 这三个特点无一不与信息的分发、获取和利用有关。Tim Berners-Lee说：Web是一个抽象的（假想的）信息空间。也就是说，作为Internet上的一种应用架构，Web的首要任务就是向人们提供信息和信息服务。 Web增长 Load on the first Web server (info.cern.ch) 1000 times what it has been 3 years earlier Web增长 网站数目↑ ↑ ↑ 1993-1996, from 130