Linux 入门课程（基础篇）最全版.pptVIP

Linux 入門課程(基礎篇) 講者: Pank 2006-02-21 Install Linux 選擇 Distro (Distribution) 建議 Fedora Core Linux 或 Mandriva Linux .tw/pub/Linux/ 光碟安裝 或 網路安裝 分割硬碟 最精簡的分割法 /、swap 進階分割 /、/var、/usr、/home、swap 與Windows共存 先灌Windows 選擇安裝套件 全部安裝約3~4G 選擇 X Windows系統: GNOME、KDE、IceWM Boot Loader Grub /boot/grub/menu.lst Lilo /etc/lilo.conf Grub is better Run Level 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) 1 - Single user mode 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking) 3 - Full multiuser mode 4 - unused 5 - X11 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) Boot Procedure Boot Loader Kernel initrd (optional) init /etc/inittab /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/* (3 is run level) /etc/rc.local X Window Display Manager or Desktop Manager (run level 5) Keyboard Control Ctrl+Alt+F1~F6 Switch console Ctrl+Alt+F7 X Window console Tab Command line auto-complete ↑、↓ Edit history command Shift+PgUp/PgDn Scroll screen Mouse Control Mark 即複製 中鍵貼上、或是同時按左右鍵 File Structure (1) /bin binary,core utilities /boot kernel、initrd /dev device file /etc config /lib main library、glibc /proc process file system /sbin system binary /tmp temp directory /usr non-system applications、library /var log、spool、database File Structure (2) /home user home directory /home/pank /mnt mounting directory /root super user root directory Others /initrd initrd mounting directory /opt some program install to /opt File System EXT2 EXT3 EXT2+日誌式系統 ReiserFS Hans Reiser開發 XFS SGI公司開發 JFS IBM開發 File Access Permissions Everyone、Group、Owner Read、Write、eXecute r=4、w=2、x=1 rwx=7 File Permission=777, Everyone can read、write、execute chmod 644 file chmod 755 file chmod 777 file Devices No C: D: E: … Primary Master: /dev/hda Primary Master 1st Partition: /dev/hda1 Mouse: /dev/psaux or /dev/mouse Audio: /dev/dsp or /dev/audio Mixer: /dev/mixer Console: /dev/tty? (tty0、tty1…) RAM Disk: /dev/ram0 Null: /dev/null Basic Commands (1) cat 顯示檔案內容 =DOS/Windows的type cd 轉移目錄 =DOS/Windows的cd clear 清