满足农民科技需求以促进农业科技成果转化建议.docVIP

满足农民科技需求以促进农业科技成果转化建议 　　摘要 农民是农业科技成果的需求主体，是农业科技成果的载体。农业科技成果的供给必须以农业生产经营者的需求为前提，才能促进我国农业科技成果转化。本文结合农民的经济状况、生活条件、文化素质和价值取向4个方面分析了当前我国农民的基本现状，总结了农民科技需求特点，提出了满足农民科技需求的建议，以提高农业科技成果转化率。 　　关键词 农民科技需求；农业科技成果转化；现状；特点；建议 　　中图分类号 F323.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2017）20-0248-02 　　Suggestions on Meeting Farmers′ Demands of Science and Technology to Promote Transformation of Agricultural Scientific and Technological Achievements 　　XIE Xue-fang HE Qi-xiang 　　（Rubber Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences，Danzhou Hainan 571737） 　　Abstract Farmers are the mainstay of agricultural science and technology achievements，and the carrier of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. The supply of agricultural scientific and technological achievements must be based on the effective demands of agricultural production operators，so as to promote the transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements in China. In this paper，current situation of farmers were analyzed from 4 aspects，such as the current economic situation，living conditions，cultural quality and value orientation of farmers，characteristics of farmers′demand for agricultural science and technology were summarized and suggestions on meeting the farmers′ demands for scientific and technological achievements were put forward，so as to improve the conversion rate of agricultural science and technology achievements. 　　Key words farmers′ demands for scientific and technological achievement；conversion of scientific and technological achievements；current situation；characteristic；suggestion 　　?r业科技成果的应用可提高农业生产力，增加农业生产效益。改革开放以来，我国的农业科技成果丰硕。但是，我国农业科研成果还远没有发挥出来。据统计，我国每年有2万多项科技成果、5 000多项专利成果产出，但转化为商品应用的低于 5%～10%。我国每年通过省部级鉴定的农业科技成果有6 000多项，而转化为生产力的仅为 35%～40%，远低于欧美发达国家70%～80%水平[1]。 　　农民是农业科技成果转化的直接接受者、应用者和最终采用者，是农业科技成果转化的内在动力。农民科技需求得不到满足，将大大限制现代农业的发展。农民在农业科技成果推广中占据主导地位，农民接受和使用新的科技成果的意愿，很大程度上决定了农业推广成效[2]。农业科研成果从研发到具体使用于实际生产中的过程，也需要遵循市场运行规律，农业科技成果的供给必须以农民的实际生产需求为前提，才能促进我国农业科技成果转化。农民对科