交通管理的概念、问题与挑战.ppt

11/14/96 S. Keshav Traffic managementConcepts, Issues and Challenges S. Keshav Cornell University ACM SIGCOMM ‘97, Cannes September 15th 1997 An example Executive participating in a worldwide videoconference Proceedings are videotaped and stored in an archive Edited and placed on a Web site Accessed later by others During conference Sends email to an assistant Breaks off to answer a voice call What this requires For video sustained bandwidth of at least 64 kbps low loss rate For voice sustained bandwidth of at least 8 kbps low loss rate For interactive communication low delay ( 100 ms one-way) For playback low delay jitter For email and archiving reliable bulk transport What if… A million executives were simultaneously accessing the network? What capacity should each trunk have? How should packets be routed? (Can we spread load over alternate paths?) How can different traffic types get different services from the network? How should each endpoint regulate its load? How should we price the network? These types of questions lie at the heart of network design and operation, and form the basis for traffic management. Traffic management Set of policies and mechanisms that allow a network to efficiently satisfy a diverse range of service requests Tension is between diversity and efficiency Traffic management is necessary for providing Quality of Service (QoS) Subsumes congestion control (congestion == loss of efficiency) Why is it important? One of the most challenging open problems in networking Commercially important AOL ‘burnout’ Perceived reliability (necessary for infrastructure) Capacity sizing directly affects the bottom line At the heart of the next generation of data networks Traffic management = Connectivity + Quality of Service Outline Economic principles Traffic classes Time scales Mechanisms Some open problems Basics: utility function Users are assumed to have a utility function that maps from a given quality of service to a level of satisfaction, or