公共的管理导论要点总结.docVIP

公共管理导论 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2 《公共管理导论》 第一章 变革的时代 An era of change 一、传统公共行政的基本原理 The first of these was that of bureaucracy, that government should organize themselves according to the hierarchical. Secondly, there was one-best-way of working and procedures were set out in comprehensive manuals for administrators to follow. The third principle was bureaucratic delivery. Fourthly, there was general belief among administrators in the politics/administration dichotomy. Fifthly, the motivation of the individual public servant was assumed to be that of the public interest, in that service to the public was provided selflessly. Sixthly, require a professional bureaucracy, neutral, anonymous, employed for life, with the ability to serve any political master equally. Seventhly, the tasks involved in public service were indeed administrative. （1）官僚制，政府本身应按照等级制、官僚制的原则进行组织 （2）存在一个最佳的工作方式，并且在综合性工作手册中规定工作程序以供行政人员遵循 （3）通过官僚制组织提供服务 （4）行政人员普遍信奉“政治与行政二分法” （5）认为激励个体公务员的力量是公共利益，因为服务于公众是大公无私的 （6）需要一支中立的、无个性的、终身任职的，且能够为任何政治领导人提供同样服务的“职业官僚队伍” （7）公共服务领域的任务确实是“行政性”的 新公共管理（new public management） = 管理主义（managerialism） = 以市场为基础的公共行政（market-based public administration） = 后官僚制典范（post-bureaucratic paradigm） =企业化政府（entrepreneurial government） 二、行政与管理的区别 行政从本质上是指执行指令和服务；而管理则指： 实现结果；（2）管理者实现结果的个人责任。 Administration essentially involves following instructions and service, while management involves: first, the achievement of results, and secondly, personal responsibility by the manager for results being achieved. 三、变革的紧迫问题 ①对公共部门的抨击（表现在规模、范围和方法三个方面） The attack on the public sector. Scale , scope , methods ②经济理论的变革：公共选择理论；委托—代理理论；交易成本理论 Changes in economic theory. Public choice theory, principal/agent theory, transaction cost theory. [prins?p?l] ③私营部门的变革 The impact of changes in the private sector. ④技术变革 Changes in technology. 第二章?传统的公共行政模式 The traditional model of public administration 【传统模式的特征是：行政部门处于政治领导人的正式控制之下；建立在严格的官僚制等级模式的基础之上；由常任的、中立的和无个性特征的官员任职；只受公共利益的激励；不偏不倚地为任何执政党服务；不是制定政策，而是仅仅执行政