[高考英语]非谓语动词及不定式的用法详解.doc

非谓语动词 在英语中，不是用作句子的谓语而是担任其它语法功能的动词叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词有3种：不定式，动名词和分词。 不 定 式 不定式由 “to do”构成，其否定式 “not to do”。不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语， 没有人称和数的变化，但有语态的变化，不定式可作主，宾，定，状，补，表，不能单独作谓语。 一. 不定式的用法 1 作主语 To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 2 作表语 My job is to teach English. 3 作宾语 He wanted to go. I find it hard to work with him. We could do nothing but wait. We have no choice but to wait. can’t choose but do, can’t help but do, can’t but do 常见用不定式作宾语的动词: want, wish, like, decide, help, ask, agree, afford, arrange, care, determine, fail, guarantee, hesitate, hope, hurry, manage, offer, pretend, promise, seek, prepare, refuse, swear, expect, plan, would like, make up one’s mind, be determined 4 作补语 He asked me to open the door. 常见用不定式作宾补的动词: advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, caue, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, like, order, peruade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, consider practice: * 在感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, look, notice, watch, observe, overhear（偷听）和使役动词make, let, have等后的补语中， 不定式不带to， 但这些句子变成 被动结构时， 就必须带to I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 5 作定语 He is looking for a room to live in. There’s nothing to worry about. 但不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way, 不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 We had no money and no place to live. 不定式作定语的用法： (1) 用来修饰被序数词,最高级或all, no, any等限定的词 e.g. He was the best man to do the job. This is the first factory to produce this kind of machine. (2) 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时, 不定式既可用主动语态,也可用被动语态, 但其含义不同. e.g. Do you have anything to send ?（to send的动作执行者是“你”） Do you have anything to be sent ?（to send的动作执行者是“我“或”别人“） (3) 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语,常见的有: ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time e.g. His wish to visit China is quite understandable. (4) 在’形容词+不定式’ 结构作表语,宾语和定语时,常用的to do主动形式表被动. e.g. The book is difficult to read. He is a man easy to get on with. （5）在不定式作表语, 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系, 而与句中