坐标系统坐标转换精度评定公共点论文32084.doc

摘 要 建国以来，我国先后建立了1954 年北京坐标系，1980 西安坐标系，与2008年开始启用CGCS2000坐标系统，而工程上测量常用的还有WGS-84坐标系统与地方独立坐标系统。在很多工程应用中，经常涉及到不同坐标系之间转换的问题。 论文讨论的主要内容是坐标系统的转换和精度评定。首先对坐标系统转换所涉及的基础概念进行阐述，其中包括椭球的概念以及坐标系统的分类和建立方法等问题，并介绍了我国从建国以来各个时期的坐标系统的建立方法和优缺点等问题。随后重点讨论坐标系转换与精度评定的问题。坐标转换分为相同基准和不同基准两大坐标系统转换问题，又根据坐标是二维坐标还是三维坐标，又可将坐标转换问题分为二维转换和三维转换，并一一介绍它们的各自的转换模型。随后讨论了坐标转换的精度评定问题，利用一组北京54和WGS-84的坐标进行坐标转换与精度评定的实例计算，通过改变公共点选择方法得到了多组坐标转换结果，并对其进行了分析和讨论得出了如下结论： 坐标转换选择公共点时，若公共点集中选取在测区的某个部分，那么距离这个部分越近的点的坐标转换精度越高，距离这个部分越远的点的转换精度越低； 当选取公共点时，若公共点平均分布于测区内，这样的转换精度结果较平均，但这样做的结果并不一定能得到某些点的最高精度的坐标； （3）间接平差中参数的精度，并不随着公共点个数的增多而增高。 关键词:坐标系统，坐标转换，精度评定，公共点 Abstract Our country has established 1954 Beijing coordinate system、1980 Nation coordinate system and in 2008,the surveying and mapping department provided Chinese Geodetic Control system.In many engineering applications, often involving conversion to a different coordinate system. This introduces the definitions and theories theories refer to coordinate transformation and accuracy assessment.Firstly,this paper introduces the definition of ellipse the methods of coordinate transformation and it discusses the usual coordinate system in our country,how to establish them,and their advantages and disadvantage of them.And then divide the problem into two type of the depending on whether it is 3-D coordinate while another is 2-D coordinate.Then explain these coordinate transformation mode.This paper mainly introduces accuracy assessment the methods of compute,At last I took a test to transform coordinate and accuracy Beijing coordinate System and WGS-84.Because of the limit of the data,I have only do coordinate transformation between different benchmark my using 2-D coordinate date.then I program based on MATLAB to achieve coordinate transformation and accuracy assessment with the help of my classmate.By analysising the result,I get the conclusion as follows: when we select common points in the program of the coordinate system,We found that the points which is close to