安全飞行与经济飞行的研究-安全技术及工程专业论文.docxVIP

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 随着我国航空运输的迅猛发展，民航事业获得了举世瞩目的成就，但随着空中交通流量的 不断加大，飞机间发生冲突的可能性也增大了，严重影响飞行安全。对于航空公司来说，除了 考虑飞机飞行的安全性以外，还要考虑飞机运营的经济性。因此，本文从飞机飞行的安全性和 经济性这两个方面进行研究，以达到飞行安全和飞行成本最优的目的。 经济飞行方面，本文主要基于性能计算的角度进行研究，首先介绍了飞机飞行性能计算的 原始数据（大气特性、气动特性以及发动机特性等）和质心运动方程，又介绍了飞机飞行性能 计算的方法，同时开发了一个适用于多种机型的性能计算软件，根据软件性能的计算结果，求 出了经济的飞行剖面。本文还运用最优控制理论，推导出飞机飞行剖面的优化方程，使用粒子 群优化算法，实现了飞机飞行成本最优的飞行轨迹。 安全性方面，本文首先简单介绍了冲突探测与解脱的相关概念，然后根据冲突解脱的要求， 运用改变航向和调整速度的方法，成功地进行了冲突解脱，并且计算了飞机的冲突解脱成本。 在文章的最后，结合冲突解脱的要求，进一步优化了飞行剖面，得到安全、经济飞行的准最优 结果。 关键词：飞行安全，经济飞行，飞行性能，最优控制，冲突解脱 I 安全飞行与经济飞行的研究 Abstract As the rapid development of China’s air transportation, China’s civil aviation has achieved magnificent success. However, with increasingly spread of air transportation flow, the possibility of conflicts between aircraft is also increased and seriously affects flight safety .The airlines are not only to consider the safety of aircraft, but also to consider the economics of aircraft operating. The two aspects of safe flight and economic flight are investigated in this paper, so as to achieve the purpose of flight safety and cost optimum. From the aspect of economic flight, the study is mainly based on computing the flight performance. The original data (atmospheric characteristics, aerodynamic characteristics and engine characteristics, etc) of aircraft flight performance and the equations of motion of mass are firstly introduced. Then, the methods of calculation of aircraft flight’s performance are introduced. At the same time, codes are developed to calculate flight’s performance for varieties of aircraft. According to the software’s results, we could find out the economic flight profiles. Besides, the theory of optimal control is used to derive the optimization equation of aircraft’s longitudinal flight profile. The global optimization has been achieved with a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and has realized the goal of an optimal cost trajectory. From the aspect of safe flight, the related concepts of conflict detection