04-基于共享内存分布式程序设计技术.ppt

Parallel and Distributed Systems Instructor: Zhang Weizhe (张伟哲) Computer Network and Information Security Technique Research Center , School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology Programming Shared Address Space Platforms What is a thread? A thread is an independent sequence of execution of program code inside a UNIX process A thread is often called a lightweight process – but it is NOT a process (something smaller than a process) Why Threads? Do concurrent control more efficiently Use fork() to create a process: is expensive, usually the child process need copy the whole context from the parent process. Inter-process communication is expensive and difficult. OS does more effort to switch process contexts. Creating a thread Threads use and exist within the process resources, so creating a thread is faster than creating a process. Inter-thread communication is easy, usually we can use global variable or struct to share data between threads. OS switches thread contexts easier than process contexts. Shared or Not Shared between thread and process Shared process instruction most data(A thread can have its own private data) open files signal handlers and signal dispositions current working directory user and group ID Not shared thread ID set of registers (including pc and sp) stack errno signal mask priority Programing with windows threads Microsoft Win32 threads Microsoft .Net threads Programming with pthreads Programming with OpenMP Win32 thread API CreateThread MyThreadStart CloseHandle WaitForSingleObject WaitForMultipleObjects CreateMutex ReleaseMutex InitializeCriticalSection DeleteCriticalSection EnterCriticalSection LeaveCriticalSection CreateSemaphore ReleaseSemaphore Win32* HANDLE type Each Windows object is referenced by HANDLE type variables Pointer to kernel objects Thread, process, file, event, mutex, semaphore, etc. Object creation functions return HANDLE Object controlled through its handle Don’t manipulate objects dire