Data-Communications-and-Networking讲义ch-13.pptVIP

* McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 13 Multiple Access ( MAC: Medium Access Control ) 本资料由-大学生创业|创业|创业网/提供资料 在线代理|网页代理|代理网页| 减肥药排行榜|淘宝最好的减肥药|什么减肥药效果最好|减肥瘦身药| Point-to-point link Multipoint link Types of links dedicated shared (Review) (Shared medium) (Broadcast medium) Star Bus Topology Ring (Review) Local Area Networks (LAN) Size Topology MAC bridge, router For multi-point link, the multiple-access protocol is needed to coordinate access to the link. (MAC) 13.1 Random Access 13.1 Random Access Random Access: Each station’s access to medium is not explicitly controlled by any other station Questions involved in the random access: When can a station access the medium? What can a station do if the medium is busy? How can a station determine the success/failure of the transmission? What can a station do if there is an access conflict? Evolution of random-access methods (ALOHA ) ALOHA network MA (Multiple Access) Procedure for ALOHA protocol (2?) Throughput18.6 % (N) CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) Each station first listens to the medium to see if it is busy or idle when stations have data to send. (sense before send) CSMA cannot eliminate collision, only reduce it. In LAN, tf tp Cannot sensed Can sensed CSMA can reduce possibility of collision dramatically. Persistence strategies 延迟? send Not send CSMA/CD (…/Collision Detection) During transmission, the station monitors the signal received to see if there is collision on medium. 冲突判别方式： 检测接收信号的幅度（多路信号迭加结果使信号幅度超过正常值）。 检测脉冲的过零点位置（多路信号迭加的结果造成过零位置偏移）。 发送的同时进行接收，比较比特序列。 Hub 检测到多个输入端口有输入信号，则向所有输出端口发“冲突信号” CSMA/CD procedure CSMA/CD 无ACK机制 tf2tp 随机迟延时间的确定—— “截断二进制指数退避算法” (Truncated Binary Exponential Backoff Algorithm) 取 k = min { 重发次数，10 }； 从 { 0，1，2，3，…..，2k -1 } 中随机取一数，作为 r ； 随机迟延时间 t = ( 2 ? ) · r ； 当重发次数达到 N 次时，停止继续重发。 CSMA/CA (…/Collision Avoidance) 先监听信道；监听到信道空闲后，再在?1 (IFG)后监听；若仍空闲，再在?2 (二进制指数退避算法)后监听；仍闲才发送