第四单元信度.pptVIP

测 量 的 信 度 你如何理解信度？请给它一个定义。 还记得在学习《心理测验的基本假设》时，案例中的那位数学老师所编制的20道数学题目吗？ A teacher constructs 20 items for a mathematics test. The answer to each item can be checked very easily as pass or fail. 你认为采用什么方法可以证明这个测验的信度？ f) If different items had been written, would they have measured the same thing? Equally well? In particular, can two tests be made, with different items, whose scores are completely interchangeable? Perhaps the teacher would like to put the items in a computer and have the students respond at the keyboard. A computer program could decide which items each student should be tested on. 信度是一个被测团体真分数的变异数与实得分数的变异数之比。 rXX=ST2/SX2 SX2 = ST2 + SE2 ST2 = SV2 + SI2 SX2 = SV2 + SI2 + SE2 信度是一个被测团体真分数与实得分数的相关系数的平方。 rXX=P2TX 思考：相关系数的平方？ 回顾：在SPSS回归分析之回归方程 Y=a+bx 真分数=a+b观测分数x 信度是一个测验X与它的任意一个平行测验X＇的相关系数。 rXX=PXX＇ 三种信度定义的关系 观测分数变异中可归因于受测者真分数中变动的比例部分 一份平行测验上所得的观测分数变异中能用另一份平行测验的观测分数的变异预测的比例部分 真分数和观测分数的相关 信度的估计方法 思考 简要概括各种信度的基本构想 分析各种信度的优缺点 Question: What Is Reliability? Answer: Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. A test is considered reliable if we get the same result repeatedly. For example, if a test is designed to measure a trait (such as introversion), then each time the test is administered to a subject, the results should be approximately the same. Unfortunately, it is impossible to calculate reliability exactly, but there several different ways to estimate reliability. Test-Retest Reliability To gauge test-retest reliability, the test is administered twice at two different points in time. This kind of reliability is used to assess the consistency of a test across time. This type of reliability assumes that there will be no change in the quality or construct being measured. Test-retest reliability is best used for things that are stable over time, such as intelligence. Generally, reliability will be higher when little time has passed between tests. Inter-rater Reliability Inter-rater Relia