英汉翻译(7翻译中的增词与减词.pptVIP

Lecture Seven Amplification Omission 翻译中的增词与减词 1. Amplification 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换，又可能要在词量上加以增减。增词法就是在翻译时按意义（或逻辑上）和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实地表达原文的思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词而有其义的词。 根据意义上或修辞上的需要 （一）增加动词 By supplying necessary verbs before or after nouns. 1) They talked for almost eight hours through dinner and well into the night. 他们差不多谈了八个小时，中间吃了一顿晚餐，接着一直谈到深夜。 2) He favored the efforts to improve relations with all peace-loving countries. 他赞同为改善同所有爱好和平的国家的关系而进行努力。 3) Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality, he said. 他说,“谁也不能指望他会采取克制和讲道理的态度。” 4) In spite of yesterdays rainstorm, the crops lay lush and green in the early light. 虽然昨天遭受了暴风雨的袭击，庄稼在晨曦中显得郁郁葱葱，茂盛异常。 （二）增加形容词 By supplying adjectives before nouns. 1) This is grasping at straws, I know, said the helpless man. “我知道这是在抓救命稻草。”他无可奈何地说。 2) With the meeting to begin in just a couple of hours, I hadnt the time to worry about such trifles. 不出两小时会议就要开始了，我没有闲工夫为这些琐事操心了。 3) “Itll make a man of him,” said Jack, “College is the place.” “一定会把他造就成一个堂堂的男子汉，”杰克说，“就是应该上大学嘛。 4) He regarded the National Day edition of that paper as a collectors item. 他把那份国庆版的报子视为一个收藏家的珍品。 （三）增加副词 By supplying adverbs before some verbs. 1) Now and then his boots shone. 他的皮靴不时地闪闪发亮。 2) A seagull saw the light from the window and darted up to it. 一只海鸥见到来自窗户光线便飞扑过去。 3) He turned a chair around and straddled it, resting his chin on the back. 他把椅子转了个向，叉开双腿一屁股坐在上面，下巴搁在椅子背上。 4) In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver, they fall in love and drive tractors together. 在那些日子的电影里，总是老一套。男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而肩并肩地开着拖拉机走了。 （四）增加名词 A. after the intransitive verbs 1) He began to see things and to understand. 他开了眼界，并懂得了一些名堂。 2) He ate and drank, for he was exhausted. 他吃了点东西，喝了点酒，因为他已疲惫不堪了。 3) The invading troops looted and raped whenever they went. 侵略军所到之处，掠夺财物，强奸妇女。 4) First you borrow, then yo