专转本词汇结构题讲座.ppt

专转本词汇结构专题讲座 语法题难点突破 1---虚拟语气　 （强调说话人的主观愿望和假想情况。） 着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest，in case，otherwise等)； 一部分表示建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句。 同位语从句往往采用“(should)+动词原形”； 虚拟倒装句； 在would rather，wish，as if，it‘s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望： 混合虚拟句。 英文句子中谓语动词的语气 A）直陈语气（The Indicative Mood）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。 B) 祁使语气（The Imperative Mood）祁使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：Wait outside until you are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。Let's just take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？ C) 虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。例如：I wish you were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment.我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。Would you mind shutting the door ? 劳驾您把门关上。 用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 条件句分为两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句。 与现在事实相违背If I had time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match. （事实是：我没有时间）我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。If I were you, I would put her suggestion into account.（事实是：我并不是你）我要是你，我会考虑她的建议的。 与过去事实相违背 If I hadn't been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday.(事实是：我昨天被某些事缠住了)我昨天要不是被些事缠住了，我就会去参加你们的聚会了。If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake.（事实是：他没有听我的建议）要是他听进了我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。 与未来事实相违背If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. （假设的情况不大可能发生）要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。Even if they were to fail, they wouldn't lose courage. （说话人不希望假设的情况发生）即使他们万一失败，他们也不会泄气。 “三个代表” 省略If的几种情况 1）当条件状语从句的谓语部分含有had、should、或were时，就将这样的词had、should、或were搬到句首把句子写成倒装句而将连词if省略。例如：If you were the manager here, what would you do?Were you the manager here, what would you do? 你若是这里的经理，你会怎么办？ If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. 要是他再那样做，他会被立即解雇的。 2) 由某些介词短语取代了if引导的条件状语从句。例如：Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。But for your help, t