核医学doc-中国医科大学七年制cmuren学生网做中国.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 8 Nuclear medicine is a subject of diagnosing, treating and researching the disease using the emission of the radionuclide, including basic nuclear medicine, experimental nuclear medicine and clinical nuclear medicine. 利用放射性核素发射的核射线对疾病进行诊断、治疗和研究的学科。 根据是否将放射性核素引入受检者、接受治疗者或研究志愿者体内，分为体外in vitro方法和体内in vivo方法；体内方法根据检查结果是否产生医学影像又分显像检查法imaging exploration(18FDG脑代谢显像)和非显像检查法functional exploration(甲状腺摄131I率试验)。 SPECT显像第1年全身辐射吸收剂量大约为 0.4-1.2 mSv Single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT, ECT) Positron emission tomography(PET) CT扫描第1年全身辐射吸收剂量大约为 3.5-3.7 mSv 显像检查法：以脏器内、外或脏器与病变间的放射性浓度差别为基础的脏器或病变显像方法 显像剂imaging agents：用于脏器或病变显像的放射性核素或放射性标记物 原理：细胞选择性摄取selective uptake of cell 特殊需要物质 131I 代谢产物和异物 131I－OIH 特殊价态物质 201Tl 化学吸附chemical absorption 99Tcm-MDP 微血管栓塞micro-vascular embolism 99Tcm-MAA 特异性结合specific combination McAb GSA 通道、灌注和生物区分布path, perfusion, biological distribution 99TcmO- 99Tcm-PYP-RBC 显像的方式和种类 静态显像static imaging、动态显像dynamic imaging、局部显像regional imaging、全身显像whole-body imaging 平面显像planar imaging、断层显像tomog 早期显像early imaging显像剂引入体内后2h内所进行的显像 延迟显像delayed imaging 2h以后 阳性显像positive imaging显像剂在病变组织内的摄取明显高于周围正常组织 阴性显像negative imaging引入体内的显像剂在病变组织中的浓聚明显低于正常组织 静息显像rest imaging、负荷显像loaded imaging、融合显像fusion imaging Nuclide is characterized by its atomic number Z, and mass number A, and a certain energy state凡具有特定的质子数、中子数及核能态的一类原子 Isotope同位素 may be defined as one of two or more forms of the same element having the same atomic number (Z), differing mass numbers (A), and the same chemical properties. These different forms of an element may be stable or unstable. For example, 1H, 2H, 3H are three isotopes of hydrogen凡具有相同的原子序数，但质量数不同的核素 Isomer同质异能素 is one of two or more nuclides that have the same mass number and atomic number as the others but different energy state凡具有相同的质量数和原子序数，但核能态不同的一类核素 Some