SCOTLAND(苏格兰)英文介绍.ppt

SCOTLAND  North part of Great Britain  Population: 5.2 million 3 regions – Highlands, Southern Uplands, and Lowlands Glasgow is the largest city Edinburgh is the capital city These cities are just 60 km apart. Both cities have famous universities dating back to the 15th century.  Scotland was not conquered by the Romans Romans built Hadrian’s wall to keep out Scottish invaders. The wall still exists and is where the current border now stands. Anglo-Saxons were not able to conquer Scotland either, although they did occupy parts of southeast Scotland. This is why Edinburgh has a Germanic name. 6th century, Scots from northern Ireland invaded the southwest.  The original Celts were called Picts. They retreated to the Highlands after the Scot invasion. This set up a cultural divide which still exists today. Some areas in the Highlands still have people speaking Gaelic in addition to English. Scotland was made up of small kingdoms. Viking invasions and wars with England forced the Scottish king to unite and defend the land. Scotland and England often fought wars.  Berwick-on-Tweed is in England today. Is has changed sides thirteen times between the two countries. 1298 William Wallace led an uprising against King Edward. It was defeated. A few years later, Robert the Bruce defeated the English at Bannockburn. This led to 300 years of full independence from England. When queen Elizabeth died, James VI of Scotland became James I of England. The crowns were united, but the countries remained independent until 1707.  Many Scots still dream for independence. In the 17th and 18th centuries, people began leaving Scotland for America, Canada and Australia. They primarily left from the Highlands. Today there are more people of Scottish descent living outside Scotland than there are Scots living in Scotland today. Scotland Act of 1998 established the Scotland Parliament. First elections were held in 1999.  The waters off Scotland in the North Sea hol