《不定式用法》教学课件.ppt

不定式（Infinitive）结构的用法 一、不定式结构作主语 不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。如 To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. cf. 动名词作主语常表示习惯性的动作。如 Walking is a good form of exercise. 注①：当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。 It isn’t right to gossip about others. It’s exciting to surf the internet. 注②：这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词的句子，如： It took us five hours to get there. It made us very angry to hear him talk like that. 注③：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“ for + 名词词组” 来表示，如： It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. It was difficult for me to do the work. 注④：某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上 “of + 名词词组” 来表示不定式的逻辑主语，如： It’s kind of you to think so much of us. It’s very nice of you to be so considerate. It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal. It was careless of her to make such a mistake. 一般说来，只有作表语的形容词能修饰人时，才能在不定式前用of引出逻辑主语。 二、不定式结构作表语 不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语通常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如aim, duty, hope, idea, job, intention, plan, proposal, purpose, suggestion, task, wish等, 或以 what 引导的名词性从句。 My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. My suggestion is to start work at once. What I would suggest is to start work at once. 主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义往往一是条件，一是结果。如： To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe. 三、不定式结构作动词宾语 1) 动词 + 带 to 的不定式结构。这类动词常见的有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, continue, try, start, forget, mean, intend, begin等，例如： I’ve arranged to meet him at ten o’clock. I didn’t expect to find you here. 比较: 不定式与动名词 后接动名词(Gerund)作宾语的动词。 常见动词有： enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等。 后接不定式和动名词(Gerund)作宾语均可，且没有大的区别的动词。 常见动词有： start, begin, continue等。 后接不定式和动名词(Gerund)作宾语均可，但意思不同的动词。 常见动词及短语有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等。例如： 　 I regret saying what I said. I shouldnt have said it. 我后悔我所说过的话，我本不该说那些话。 I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test.