Particle Swarm Optimization An Overview英文.pdf

Swarm Intell (2007) 1: 33–57 DOI 10.1007/s11721-007-0002-0 Particle swarm optimization An overview Riccardo Poli · James Kennedy · Tim Blackwell Received: 19 December 2006 / Accepted: 10 May 2007 / Published online: 1 August 2007 © Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has undergone many changes since its intro- duction in 1995. As researchers have learned about the technique, they have derived new versions, developed new applications, and published theoretical studies of the effects of the various parameters and aspects of the algorithm. This paper comprises a snapshot of particle swarming from the authors’ perspective, including variations in the algorithm, current and ongoing research, applications and open problems. Keywords Particle swarms · Particle swarm optimization · PSO · Social networks · Swarm theory · Swarm dynamics · Real world applications 1 Introduction The particle swarm paradigm, that was only a few years ago a curiosity, has now attracted the interest of researchers around the globe. This article is intended to give an overview of important work that gave direction and impetus to research in particle swarms as well as some interesting new directions and applications. Things change fast in this field as inves- tigators discover new ways to do things, and new things to do with particle swarms. It is impossible to cover all aspects of this area within the strict page limits of this journal article. Thus this paper should be seen as a snapshot of the view we, these particular authors, have at the time of writing. R. Poli ( ) Department of Computing and Electronic Systems, University of Essex, Essex, UK e-mail: rpoli@essex.ac.uk J. Kennedy Washington, DC, USA e-mail: kennedy.jim@ T. Blackwell Department of Computing, Goldsmiths College, London, UK e-mail: t.blackwell@gold.ac.uk 34