新目标大学英语综合教程4.doc

Unit 1 研究表明：在两性及众多文化中，长相好的人，特别是从青春期开始，往往被评价为具有出色的性格特质的人。 事情为何如此？有些人觉得，由于遇见外表迷人者和品德优良者都令人愉快，我们会不假思索地把这二者混为一谈。 但是，这一说法似乎并不客观。西安大略大学 (University?of?Western?Ontario) 的桑波·保诺宁(Sampo?Paunonen) 博士的研究发现，被形容为较诚实的人也会被认为更讨人喜欢，而越讨人喜欢的人，外貌也就更具吸引力。 Research?has?shown?that?in?both?sexes?and?across numerous cultures, especially from?adolescence, good-looking?people?are?often evaluated?to?be?ones with exceptional personality traits. Why should this be so? Some people have perceived that since it is pleasurable to meet someone with attractive physical appearance and someone?with good?moral character, we automatically mix them up.? But this statement does not seem to be objective. The studies by Dr. Sampo Paunonen of the University of Western Ontario reveal that people who were described as being more honest were rated as more likable, and the more likable, the more physically attractive. Unit 2 1960年简·古多尔开始了她在坦桑尼亚的贡贝溪国家公园对黑猩猩社群的研究。由于没有专业的训练来指导其研究，古多尔观察到了可能会被严格的科学教条(doctrine)所忽视的东西。 她没有给进入观察的黑猩猩编号，而是给他们取名，如菲菲和灰胡子大卫，并发现他们具有独特的个性。古多尔在贡贝溪的研究在科学界最为人称道的是，她的发现打破了当时人们长期存在的两个信念：只有人类才会制造和使用工具，以及黑猩猩是素食者。 Jane Goodall began studying the chimpanzee community in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, in 1960. Without professional training to direct her research, Goodall observed things that strict scientific doctrines may have overlooked. Instead of numbering the chimpanzees she observed, she gave them names such as Fifi and David Greybeard, and found they had unique and individual personalities. Goodall’s research at Gombe Stream is best known to the scientific community for challenging two long-standing beliefs of the day: that only humans could make and use tools, and that chimpanzees were vegetarians. Unit 3 天坛 (The Temple of Heaven) 是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”(offer sacrifices to the heaven)、“祈谷”(pray for good harvest) 的场所。坛域北呈圆形，南为方形，寓意“天圆地方”。四周环筑坛墙两道，把全坛分为内坛 (the Inner Altar)、外坛两部分，总面积273公顷，主要建筑集中于内坛。 内坛以墙分为南北两部。北为“祈谷坛”(the Altar of Praying for Bumper Crops)，用于春季祈祷丰年，中心建筑是祈年殿 (the Hall of Prayer for Good