BD针头 指南介绍-注射技术课件.pptx

《中国糖尿病药物注射技术指南2011版》注射技术篇注射技术是糖尿病注射治疗的三大关键因素之一注射技术：注射部位的选择注射部位的轮换注射部位的检查和消毒选择是否捏皮选择进针角度拔针时间注射器材的废弃关于针头重复使用的建议根据可操作性/神经血管距离/皮下组织状况：适合注射的部位臀部臀部上端外侧部位；即使是少儿患者还是身材偏瘦的患者，该部位的皮下组织仍然丰富，最大限度降低肌肉注射的危险性。上臂上臂侧面或者后侧部位；皮下组织较厚，导致肌肉注射的概率较低。腹部以肚脐为中心，半径2.5cm外的距离。越靠近腰部两侧（即使是肥胖患者），皮下组织的厚度也会变薄，因此容易导致肌肉注射。大腿大腿外侧；皮下组织较厚，离大腿血管和坐骨神经较远，针头导致外伤的概率较低。推荐的注射部位腹部 87分钟 50%较快适合短效胰岛素手臂 141分钟 50%中等至较慢适合长效胰岛素或中效胰岛素大腿 164分钟 50%中等至较慢臀部较慢适合长效胰岛素或中效胰岛素注射部位还应考虑胰岛素在不同部位的吸收差异不同注射部位胰岛素吸收不同（分钟）： —研究显示，50%胰岛素吸收所需要的时间腹部最快，手臂中等，大腿和臀部较慢11.The American Journal of Nursing, Vol. 98, No.7, pp. 55+57关于注射部位选择的推荐：注射餐时胰岛素等短效胰岛素，最好选择腹部[1-7]；A1希望胰岛素的吸收速度较缓时，可以选择臀部。臀部注射可以最大限度地降低注射至肌肉层的风险[8,9]；A1给少儿患者注射中效或者长效胰岛素时，最好选择臀部或者大腿[10]。A1Frid A, Gunnarsson R, Güntner P, Linde B. Effects of accidental intramuskul?r injection on insulin absorption in IDDM. Diabetes Care 1988; 11: 41-45. Frid A B Linde (1993) Clinically important differences in insulin absorption from the abdomen in IDDM. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice: Vol 21. No 2-3. 137-141. Frid A, Lindén B. Intraregional differences in the absorption of unmodified insulin from the abdominal wall. Diabet Med 1992;9:236-9.Annersten M, Willman A. Performing subcutaneous injections: a literature review. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2005; 2: 122-30.Zehrer C, Hansen R, Bantle J. Reducing blood glucose variability by use of abdominal insulin injection sites. Diabetes Educ 1985;16:474-7.Henriksen JE, Djurhuus MS, Vaag A, Thye-Ronn P, Knudsen D. Hother-Nielsen O, et al. Impact of injection sites for soluble insulin on glycaemic control in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients treated with a multiple insulin injection regimen. Diabetologia 1993;36:752-8.Sindelka G, Heinemann L, Berger M. Frenck W, Chantelau E. Effect of insulin concentration, subcutaneous fat thickness and skin temperature on subcutaneous insulin absorption in healthy subjects. Diabetologia 1994;37:377-40.Ahern J ML Mazur (2001) Site rotation. Diabetes Forecast: Vol 54. No 4. 66-68. Wood L, Wilbourne J, Ky