毕业论文设计《不同缓解处理对烟嘧磺隆玉米药害的缓解效果研究论文》.docVIP

PAGE 1 不同缓解处理对烟嘧磺隆玉米药害的缓解效果研究 摘要：烟嘧磺隆是目前玉米田苗后茎叶处理最常用的除草剂之一，但其用药量过大、施药不当等原因均可造成玉米药害，最终导致玉米减产，因此，研究作物除草剂药害的缓解技术意义重大。本试验以郑单958玉米杂交种为供试作物，研究了烟嘧磺隆对夏玉米的药害情况以及不同缓解剂对药害的缓解作用。结果表明，120g/hm2烟嘧磺隆对玉米产生了严重影响，株高下降8.69％，产量抑制11.18％。定量喷施氨基酸、NAA、奈安、芸苔素内酯均能改善烟嘧磺隆对玉米生长的抑制，效果相对较好；NAA、DA-6可缓解烟嘧磺隆对玉米叶绿素的影响；药害后期喷施宝叶能够缓解烟嘧磺隆对玉米丙二醛及可溶性糖的影响；测产表明奈安的缓解效果最好，120g/hm2烟嘧磺隆对照产量提高24.47％ 。 关键词：烟嘧磺隆；玉米；药害；缓解剂 Study on the Effects of Different Safener Treatments to the Nicosulfuron’s Phytotoxicity on Maize GAO Chuan-he Plant Protection College，Henan Agricultural University，Zhengzhou 450002, China Abstract: Nicosulfuron is one of the most commonly used herbicides by foliage treatment in corn field at present, but the factors such as its excessive dosage, improper methods of spaying can cause the corn phytotoxicity, and eventually lead to a drop in corn production, so the study on mitigation techniques of crop herbicide phytotoxicity is of great significance. This experiment took Zhengdan 958 maize hybrid as trial crop, the phytotoxicity of nicosulfuron on maize and the mitigation effects of different antidotes were studied. It turned out that nicosulfuron (120g/ha) had a serious impact on corn, the plant height declined by 8.69%, the output decreased by 11.18%. The quantitative AA，NAA, PGAE and BR could improve the inhibition of nicosulfuron on the corn growth; The NAA and DA-6 could alleviate the effect of nicosulfuron on the chlorophyll content of corn; The NPK could reduce the effects of nicosulfuron on the MDA and the soluble sugar of corn at the later stage of phytotoxicity; Compared with the nicosulfuron (120g/ha), the yield of PGAE increased by 24.47%, which showed best alleviative effects of the phytotoxicity on corn. Key words: Nicosulfuron；Maize；Phytotoxicity；Antidote 1. 引言 玉米是一种常见的粮食作物，主要生产于北方，有黄玉米、白玉米两种,同时也是重要的能源、饲料（王振华，2012），目前栽培面积和产量超过水稻、小麦，成为我国第一大作物。玉米不仅是人们的口粮和“饲料之王”，也是重要工业原料，可加工成的工业产品达3000多种。我国玉米工业加工迅速发展，消费的玉米大幅度增加，对我国乃至世界的玉米供求平衡和流通格局都产生了重大的影响。玉米是三大粮食作物中最适合作为工业原料的品种，也是加工程度最高的粮食作物