毕业论文设计《电化学合成镁醇盐》.docVIP

摘　　要 金属醇盐化学的研究最早始于100多年前，目前随着其在无机合成、有机合成、定向催化聚合和制备功能材料等方面广泛应用，尤其是以醇盐化学为基础的醇盐溶胶—凝胶法制造非金属材料的广泛应用，醇盐化学得到了迅速发展。 醇镁化合物Mg(OR)2 (R=烷基) 是对水敏感的醇盐，可以作为有机合成的性底物或者聚烯烃的催化剂，同时由于二价金属镁离子可以和羰基形成稳定的鳌合物，醇镁化合物比如甲醇镁又可以作为选择性羰基凝聚剂。 传统化学方法合成金属醇盐是用Mx[x为Hal，R，H，NRz，N(SiMe3 )2等]与醇进行交换反应，过程复杂，且原材料不易得到，产率低，纯度达不到要求，后续分离繁琐。所以人们一直努力寻找合成金属醇盐的新方法。 有机电解合成一般在常温常压下进行，可通过调节电极电位控制电极反应的方向和速度。据报道， 该方法制备的金属醇盐纯度高，工作环境好，后处理容易，对环境污染少，可望成为今后合成金属醇盐的一个方向。 本文采用电化学法，在无隔膜电解槽中，以惰性元素电极-铂电极为阴极，以镁为阳极，直接电解含有导电盐的无水醇溶液，一步得到镁元素的醇盐Mg(OEt)2。 关键词：金属醇盐；电化学法；醇镁化合物Electrochemical Synthesis of Magnesium Alkoxides 关键词：金属醇盐；电化学法；醇镁化合物 Abstract The study of the chemistry of metal alkoxides,which began more than 100 years ago,is now experiencing a renaissance connected with the broad application of these compounds as molecular precursors in the synthesis of materials of modern technology based on simple and complex oxides.The solution of this problem is occupying a wide circle of inorganic chemists,technologists specializing in fine synthesis in nonaqueous media,and those working on the production of film and coatings.The application of metal alkoxides in the first step of sol-gel technology can benefit from this monograph covering the modern literature devoted to all the steps of this process. Magnesium alcoholates Mg(OR)2,R=alkyl,are solids sensitive to hydrolysis which can be used in organic synthesis as selective bases and as constisuents of ploymerising catalysts.Due to the ability of the bivalent magnesium cation to from stable chelate complexes with carbonyl compounds,magnesium methylate for example is used as a selective carbonyl condensing agent. The old chemical way to produce metal alkoxides were used to use Mx[x=Hal,R,H,N(SiMe)] to react with alcohol.But this way what the processing is very complex.We find raw and processed materials are difficult to get and has low productivity.Purity did not come through.So people work hard in order to find a new approach to synthesize metal alkoxides. Organic electyolysis synthesis i