数字地图制图原理-spatial-data-models.ppt

* * * * * 场的连续 三种操作 * * * * * * * * SUPER * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ? Worboys and Duckham (2004) GIS: A Computing Perspective, Second Edition, CRC Press Neighborhood function Given a spatial framework F, a neighborhood function n is a function that associates with each location x a set of locations that are “near” to x ? Worboys and Duckham (2004) GIS: A Computing Perspective, Second Edition, CRC Press Local operations Local operation: acts upon one or more spatial fields to produce a new field The value of the new field at any location is dependent on the values of the input field function at that location ● is any binary operation ? Worboys and Duckham (2004) GIS: A Computing Perspective, Second Edition, CRC Press Focal operations Focal operation: the attribute value derived at a location x may depend on the attributes of the input spatial field functions at x and the attributes of these functions in the neighborhood n(x) of x ? Worboys and Duckham (2004) GIS: A Computing Perspective, Second Edition, CRC Press Zonal operations Zonal operation: aggregates values of a field over a set of zones (arising in general from another field function) in the spatial framework For each location x: Find the Zone Zi in which x is contained Compute the values of the field function f applied to each point in Zi Derive a single value ζ(x) of the new field from the values computed in step 2 Exercise: Classify following operations on elevation field (I) Identify peaks (II) Identify mountain ranges (III) Determine average elevation of a set of river basins ? Worboys and Duckham (2004) GIS: A Computing Perspective, Second Edition, CRC Press ? Worboys and Duckham (2004) GIS: A Computing Perspective, Second Edition, CRC Press Entity and literals Object-based models decompose an information space into objects or entities An entity must be: Identifiable Relevant (be of interest) Describable (have characteristics) The frame of spatial reference is provided b