【高中英语法】被动语态.ppt

动词的语态 被动语态的应用 I.被动语态的构成形式 1.???被动语态的基本时态变化　　 被动语态通常为十种时态的被 动形式, 被动语态由 be＋过去分词 构成，be随时态的变化而变化。 各种时态的被动语态形式:(以do为例) 一般现在时 am / is / are +done (过去分词). 如: Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 现在完成时 has /have been done. 如: I have been cloned. All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we are ready to start. 3）现在进行时 am/is /are being done 　例:一座新的电影院正在这儿被建起. 4）一般过去时 was/were done　　 例: I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5）过去完成时 had been done 　例: By the end of last year, another new gymnasium in Beijing. (complete) 6）过去进行时 was/were being done 　例: A meeting was being held when I was there. 7）一般将来时 shall/will be done 例: Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes. 8）过去将来时 should/would be done 　 例: The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 9）将来完成时（少用） shall/will have been done 例: The project will have been completed before July. 10）过去将来完成时（少用） should/would have been done 例: He told me that my new clothes would have been made very soon. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构, 其形式为： 情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例: The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 翻译: 他说错误一定要及时改正. He said that the mistakes must be corrected in time. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语, 在用于被动结构时, 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语, 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语. 例: His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为: He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 或改为: A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当 “动词+宾语+宾语补足语” 结构变为被动语态时, 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 其余不动。例: Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. They painted the door green. The door was painted green. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例: She saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为: A stranger was seen to walk into the building (by her).