语法大全：直接引语变间接引语的用法.docVIP

语法大全：直接引语变间接引语的用法 如何变人称; 顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. "My brother wants to go with me." →She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" →He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。 1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。例如： 　　She said, "I am very happy to help you."→ 　　She said that she was very happy to help you. 　　2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。例如： 　　He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→ 　　He asked me if/whether I liked playing football. 　　注意：大多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or not,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如： 　　She asked me whether he could do it or not. 　　He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train. 　　3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如： 　　My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→ 　　My sister asked me how I liked the film. 　　4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如： 　　The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→ 　　The captain ordered us to be quiet. 　　注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。 　　My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→ 　　My teacher asked me not to laugh. 　　5. 一些注意事项 　　(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如： 　　They told their son,"The earth goes round the sun."→ 　　They told their son that the earth goes round the sun. 　　(2)直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/that→ these/those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there,come→go 等。例如： 　　He said, "I haven't seen her today."→ 　　He said that he hadn't seen her that day. 　　注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。 　　(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如： 　　He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→ 　　He asked Lucy where she went. 　　Tom said, "What do you