小麦条锈病越夏过程的模拟研究-中国科技论文在线.PDFVIP

植物病理学报 ACTA PHYTOPATHOIDGICA SINICA 33(3)：267．278(2003) 小麦条锈病越夏过程的模拟研究 曾士迈 (中国农业大学，北京 100094) 摘要：以小麦条锈病大区流行模型PANCRIN为基础，按小麦成熟期和地理位置分区，加上有关越夏的各种参量，用于越夏过程 的模拟。模拟试验结果确认和深化了如下认识：除周年麦外，任何单一成熟期的麦区都不能起越夏作用，必须生育末期植株和自 生苗有交叠的双区组合才能实现越夏作用。春麦在越夏上直接作用不大；越夏作用大小主要取决于双区面积、成熟期交叠情况、 当地流行速率和距承受其菌源的地区的远近。只要夏季最热一句旬均温22℃，上述交叠时期越早，越夏率就越高；完整的越夏 过程包括茵源准备一越夏一后继增殖，陇东早播冬麦区的后继增殖对黄淮江汉冬麦发病可能有重要作用；越夏区停种的大区防 治效果要受多种因素影响，欲获得良好效果，停种率要达95％以上。越夏区的分布和面积需要进一步查清，特别要注意允许条锈 菌越夏的海拔下限是会随年份夏季气候变化而上下浮动的。在更全面地澄清了这些问题的基础上再设计和试行停种试验，是较 为稳妥的。 关键词：小麦条锈病；越夏过程；植物病害模拟 Simulation study on oversmnmering process of wheat sU~pe rust caused by Puccinia ar~formis West．in China G Shi—mai (Ql-蚰A a】lblIal University， 100094，01．蚰) Abstract：The oversummering process(OS)of Puccin／a str／~orm／s and wheat stripe rust was studied with the model PANCRIN．Simulations were conducted based on variation ofwheat—growing periods in the corresponding geographic regions and the parm~ em relevant to OS．The results reconfirmed and intensified the甑istiIlg knowledge about OS widI the folio- wing points．Besides the year-round wheat- I1g n~ions，OS could not be completed in any n~ions where the single-season wheat is grown．The OS could be completed only in the regions(RG)where the period of pre-harvest ofwheat crop and the period of volunteer seecⅡin overlap．The OS WaS weak on sp ng wheat．The rate of OS WaS dependent upon the aleas of RG，lensth of overlapping period in this region，infection rate，aS well aS the distance between the inoeulum-souree regi0n and the target region．As long aS the average temperature in the lO-days period during which the maximum temperature oc- curs in summer is22cI：，the earlier the overlapping-period 0ccurs，the greater the OS rate is．Three steps may be in． volved in a completio