大气背景浓度场的研究TheresearchonoriginalAtmospheric-ERA.PDF

大气背景浓度场的研究 谷 清 （中国环境科学研究院，北京，100012） [摘要] 由于监测仪器的限制，在一个城市区域内不可能无限的布设大气监测点，所以采用模式计算出的 浓度如何与背景浓度相加一直是个大问题。本文提出一个方法，认为一个成功的大气环境模式所计算出的 浓度分布，在下一个时间序列里面应该存在，并且参与下一时间浓度的预测，即已经计算出的浓度场经过 风场位置修正，加上对风速、风向、降水、吸附、衰变等因子的修正后，可以用做城市研究区域的背景浓 度。此方法可有效地提高预测浓度的精确度，也可以解释同样污染物排放源在相同气象条件下，地面浓度 相差很大的现象。 [关键词] 大气环境；模式计算；背景浓度；总量控制 The research on original Atmospheric concentration field Gu Qing ( Chinese Research Academy of Environment Science, Beijing, 100012) [Abstract] Restricted by monitoring instruments, it is impossible to set up quite a lot of atmospheric monitoring points in a area of city, that lead to a difficult problem to sum up the concentration calculated by model and original concentration. The paper presents a method that the distribution of concentration calculated by a successful atmospheric environment model should exist in the next time series and participate in the forecast of concentration in the next time series. It is to say the calculated concentration field that has been amendmented by the position of the wind field, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, adsorption, decay and so on，can be used as the original concentration of a study area in city. This method can effectively improves the accuracy of concentration forecasts, can also explain the phenomenon that the ground concentrations are great difference, although the same pollution source is in the same weather condition，. [Key words] atmospheric environment; model calculation; original concentration, total control 1 引言 在采用一个成熟的大气模式预测某一个区域的大气污染物浓度时，可以很快地计算出污 染源排放造成的区域内所有点位的浓度贡献值。但由于目前的技术手段和设备限制，从空间 上不可能给出所有网格点位的的大气污染物监测值，而只是