（毕业学术论文设计）-抽油机电动机晶闸管调压节能控制系统设计.docVIP

PAGE 抽油机电动机晶闸管调压节能控制系统设计 学生专业：电气工程及其自动化 学生姓名： 导师姓名： 摘 要 油机电动机由于起动转矩很大，导致电动机运行过程中多处于轻载状态，电能浪费比较严重，所以研究抽油机电动机节能具有重要意义。本文的研究对象是处于轻载状态下运行的抽油机电动机，研究目标是:对于轻载运行状态的电动机，调节输入端电压使其在能安全带动负载的前提下，自身损耗尽可能小，达到节能的目的。 论文通过查阅文献对当前国内外常用的节能方法进行分析并对其优缺点逐一比较，在选定降压节能方法后对降压节能运行给予了理论分析与论证，可知定子电压降低，功率因数和效率都将得到改善。论文对基于铜损等于铁损电动机的效率最高的观点进行了理论分析，得到根据电动机负载变化与电压调节的关系。在此基础上通过Matlab仿真和电动机实验对降压节能方案进行了验证，根据实验过程中出现的问题对调压规律进行修正并确定了电动机控制的降压范围，从而为系统设计提供了依据。 本文还进行了抽油机电动机调压节能系统的软、硬件设计。系统的硬件设计包括晶闸管调压主电路设计和以PIC16C74单片机为核心的控制电路的设计。针对非同步投入带来的危害，设计了相位检测电路。根据仿真实验得到的控制规律和提出的双反馈控制原理进行了系统的软件设计，并对设计装置进行了实验室功能调试。 关键词：抽油机;节能;晶闸管;单片机 Abstract Because the start torque of oil-pumping units motor is very large, the motor always moves with low load. This run status results in the energy waste. It makes sense to research the energy saving of oil-pumping units motor. What this paper is going to achieve is those asynchronous motors with low load. Regulating the input voltage and when the motors run with it, their power loss will be decreased as much as possible while they can burden their load safely. So the purpose of energy saving. Through is achieved consulting a lot of literature, the paper introduces the general energy saving ways and analyses their merits and defects. After choosing the ways of regulating voltage, the paper analyses the run of the motors under lower voltage. It gets the result that the voltage fall will improve the power factor and efficiency. Then the paper analyses the energy saving algorithm which accounting to equation of the loss of chopper and the loss of the iron. It gets the relation between the load change and voltage regulation. On the basis, the paper makes the simulation and motor experiment and adjusts the regulation rules according to the experiment results. At last, the paper makes the systems design of software and hardware. The hardware design includes the SCR