Compressed Sensing in Astronomy英文清晰版.pdfVIP

718 IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 2, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2008 Compressed Sensing in Astronomy Jérôme Bobin, Jean-Luc Starck, and Roland Ottensamer Abstract— Recent advances in signal processing have focused on obtained by current methods without introducing unacceptable the use of sparse representations in various applications. A new distortions. Furthermore, for most astronomical data compres- field of interest based on sparsity has recently emerged: compressed sion problems, three main properties must be under control: res- sensing. This theory is a new sampling framework that provides an alternative to the well-known Shannon sampling theory. In this olution (point spread function), sensitivity (ability to detect low paper, we investigate how compressed sensing (CS) can provide new level signals), and photometry. insights into astronomical data compression. We first give a brief The Herschel satellite,1 which will be launched in late 2008/ overview of the compressed sensing theory which provides very early 2009, is faced with a similar problem. Indeed, the pho- simple coding process with low computational cost, thus favoring tometer data need to be compressed by a factor of approximately its use for real-time applications often found onboard space mis- 6 to be transferred. As the CPU load has to be extremely small, sion. In practical situations, owing to particular observation strate- gies (for instance, raster scans) astronomical data are often redun- conventional compression methods cannot be used. dant; in that context, we point out that a CS-based compression