辉河国家级自然保护区草原湿地生态承载力和可持续发展研究.docVIP

辉河国家级自然保护区草原湿地生态承载力和可持续发展研究 　　摘要：利用地面高光?V与地上生物量的对应测定，建立草原与湿地地面光谱的生物量模型，从而进行草原湿地生态承载力界定。结果表明，2000-2010年辉河草原湿地保护区的年产草量变化在2.002×108～6.650×108 kg，平均为4.603×108 kg，最高年份出现在2002年，最低年份出现在2007年，最高年份是最低年份的3.3倍。饲草利用率对草原湿地保护区生态承载力有直接的影响，不同饲草利用率水平下的产草量变化特点同样也是以2002年最高，2007年最低。对生态承载力的驱动分析表明，春季4-5月的适当高温和生长旺季（6-7月）的相对低温，加之6-7月的较高降水量，对草原湿地的生态承载力有极大的影响。从空间格局来看，生产力水平高值区明显分布在辉河河漫滩及周边地区与距离辉河较远的保护区东部。在生态承载力较高的年份，基于初级生产力水平分级的空间异质性较高，其表现形式就是斑块密度高、占优势的级别斑块大；在干旱的年份，基于初级生产力水平分级的空间异质性降低，表现为斑块数量少、占优势级别的斑块小，呈集中连片的分布。草原湿地生态承载力受到草地面积大小、饲草利用率和气候因素的影响。要从根本上提高草原湿地生态承载力，必须针对草地面积、饲草利用率2个方面进行科学合理的调控，以促进辉河国家级自然保护区的可持续发展。 　　关键词：生态承载力；可持续发展；生物量模型；辉河国家级自然保护区 　　中图分类号：F301.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）01-0056-06 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.014 　　Abstract： Based on the method of corresponding determination of ground hyperspectral and aboveground biomass，biomass model of ground spectrum of grassland and wetland was built and used to calculate ecological carrying capacity of grassland and wetland. The results showed that variation range of yield of grass was from 2.002×108 kg to 6.650×108 kg，the average was 4.603×108 kg. The highest year was 2002，which was 3.3 times than the lowest year 2007. The utilization rate of forage grass directly influenced ecological carrying capacity of Huihe natural reserve. Driving analysis of ecological carrying capacity showed that appropriate high temperature of spring season（April to May），relatively low temperature of growing season （June to July），and higher precipitation of summer season （June to July） were the 3 major factors affecting ecological carrying capacity.Spatial pattern was obvious，high productivity area mainly distributed in Huihe flood plain-neighboring region and eastern region of natural reserve. In year of high ecological carrying capacity，spatial heterogeneity of primary productivity level was also high，performing as high patch density and big dominant level patches. But in year of drought，spatial heterogeneity of primary productivity level