三倍体葡萄胚挽救苗驯化及移栽技术的研究.docVIP

三倍体葡萄胚挽救苗驯化及移栽技术的研究 　　摘 要： 以玫瑰香优系×早甜、玫瑰香优系×户太8号、玫瑰香优系×醉金香、玫瑰香优系×巨玫瑰杂交的胚挽救苗为试材，系统地研究了基质种类和组成、生根粉浓度、营养液浓度、胚挽救苗苗龄、不同杂交组合5个方面对三倍体葡萄胚挽救苗移栽成活率的影响。结果表明，珍珠岩∶蛭石∶河沙=1∶1∶1作为基质的移栽成活率显著高于其他处理组； 300 mg?L-1生根（ABT）溶液浸泡根系30 s的移栽成活率最高；1/8MS营养液处理胚挽救苗的成活率最高，为71.67%；培养40 d的胚挽救苗移栽成活率为65.00%，显著高于其他试验组；玫瑰香优系×醉金香杂交苗移栽成活率最高。初步探索出一套简单易行、实用高效的葡萄胚挽救苗优化配套移栽技术。 　　关键词：三倍体葡萄；胚挽救苗；移栽 　　中图分类号：S663.1 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.10.021 　　Abstract： Grape seedlings from hybrids of Muscat Hamburg × Zaotian， Muscat Hamburg × Hutai No.8， Muscat Hamburg × Zuijinxiang， Muscat Hamburg × Jumeigui seedless grapes through embryo rescue were taken as experimental materials. The effects of transplant matrix， rooting powder concentration， the concentration of nutrient solution， seedling transplant stages and different cross combination on transplant survival percent of triploid grape embryo rescue seedlings were systematically studied. The results showed that the transplanting survival rate with perlite∶vermiculite∶sand =1∶1∶1 matrix was significantly higher than other treatment groups； the survival rate were best with 300 mg?L-1 ABT solution soaking for 30 s； the survival rate of embryo rescue seedlings treated with 1/8MS nutrient solution was the highest， which was 71.67%；survival rate of embryo rescue seedlings of 40 d was 65%， which was significantly higher than other experimental groups； the transplanting survival rate of the hybrid seedlings of Muscat Hamburg × Zuijinxiang was the highest. A set of simple， available， practical and efficient technique of embryo rescue seedlings was obtained. 　　Key words： triploid grape； embryo rescue seedlings； transplant 　　通过胚挽救技术获得三倍体葡萄胚挽救组培苗已有不少报道[1-10]，而关于试管苗驯化移栽的研究较少[11]。究其原因，主要是葡萄胚挽救苗驯化移栽的过程是一个由半异养到自养、高湿到低湿、恒温到变温、无菌到有菌的过程[11-13]，胚挽救苗的生理特性和组织结构与大气环境中生长的植株有较大差别，如叶表面角质层较薄，气孔开度大且无开闭功能，栅栏组织发育不完善，细胞间隙较大，因此炼苗移栽时易过度失水萎蔫，移栽成活率普遍较低，甚至不能成活[14-15]。若要获得较高的移栽成活率，需要驯化移栽过程中的各环节达到最佳搭配。本研究旨在摸索一套高效的葡萄胚挽救苗移栽成活优化配套技术，以达到提高三倍体葡萄胚挽救育种效率的目的，同时为葡萄胚挽救苗田间生物学性状鉴定奠定基础。 　　1 材料