被动毫米波辐射图像弱小目标检测方法研究-通信与信息系统专业论文.docxVIP

华 华 中 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 I I 摘 要 毫米波辐射探测是一种新颖的被动接收场景自然辐射的无源探测方法，利用毫 米波辐射计成像系统进行空中目标的检测，具有隐蔽性好、可全天时工作、基本不 受天气和烟尘环境影响、更有利于探测隐身目标等优点。但针对毫米波辐射图像的 小目标检测技术还是个全新领域，相关文献报道极少。毫米波辐射成像在原理上接 近红外成像，都是通过被动接收目标自发的热辐射能量而成像，因此，红外图像的 小目标检测理论、方法可以借鉴，但需根据毫米波辐射图像的特点，进行设计、改 进，以达到更优的检测性能。本文着重研究基于毫米波辐射图像的背景杂波抑制方 法以及单帧图像小目标检测方法。 本文首先介绍了毫米波辐射探测理论和小目标检测相关理论，探讨了单帧图像 目标检测、序列目标检测的检测概率和虚警概率的计算方法，分析了毫米波辐射图 像中小目标、背景以及噪声的特性，以此作为后续目标检测方法的基础。图像背景 杂波抑制是小目标检测至关重要的一步，针对传统背景抑制算法的缺陷，本文提出 了一种基于相邻帧的变步长二维最小均方差滤波（Two-dimensional LMS,TDLMS）方 法，仿真结果表明，该算法能有效去除背景杂波，提高图像信噪比。在单帧毫米波 图像中，小目标的多向梯度性和奇异性是其相对于背景的最大特点，因此本文利用 改进的多向梯度算法和小波变换进行毫米波辐射图像的小目标检测。仿真结果显示， 对于本实验室探测系统给出的真实场景辐射图像，两种方法均能取得很好的检测效 果。 关键词：毫米波辐射探测，小目标，TDLMS，多向梯度，小波变换 II II Abstract Passive Millimeter-wave imaging is a kind of original detection way. It can be applied to detecting aerial targets, and have many valuable and desired features, including concealment and survival ability, illumination and weather independence, battlefield applicability, and strong ability of detecting invisible targets. But the technology of small target detection based on Passive Millimeter-wave images is rarely reported. Theoretically, Passive Millimeter-wave imaging is similar with Infrared imaging, all by receiving radiation signals of targets for imaging. Therefore, the theory and methods of small target detection in Infrared image can be used for reference, and then designed and ameliorated on the characteristics of Passive Millimeter-wave image. This paper will focus on the background suppression of Passive Millimeter-wave images, and small target detection methods based on single frame image. First of all, we introduce the theory of Passive Millimeter-wave imaging and small targets detection. Calculation methods of the detection probabilities and the false-alarm probabilities of two detection ways are discussed, including detection on single frame and image sequences. And then the characteristics of small target, background and noise in Passive Millimeter-wave image a