地理信息系统常用词汇及短语及其英文释义.docx

地理信息系统常用词汇及短语及其英文释义 Acceptance test A test for evaluating a newly purchase systems performance and conformity to specifications. Access time A measure of the time interval between the instant that data are called from storage and the instant that delivery is complete Accuracy Conformance to a recognizable standard;can often mean the number of bits in a computer word available in a given system(see Precision).The statistical meaning of accuracy is the degree with which an estimated mean differs from the true mean.See Precision. Acoustic coupler A device that enables a computer terminal to be linked to another over the telephone system via the handset of a conventional telephone. Active System In remote sensing,a system that provides its own source of the electromagnetic radiation to be reflected or scattered by the object being sensed.For example,radar is an active microwave system since the radar system emits energy which is later detected.In contrast to a passive system. Addressable point A position on a visual display unit(VDU) that can be specified by absolute coordinates. Addressability The number of positions(pixels) in the X and Y axex on a VDU or graphics screen. Algorithm A set of rules for solving a problem.An algorithm must be specified before the rules can be written in a computer language. Aliasing 1.The occurrence of jagged lines on a raster-scan display image when the detail exceeds the resolution of the screen. 2.In Fourier analysis the effect of wavelengths shorter than those sampled by the observation points on the form of the estimated power spectrum. Alphanumeric code Machine processable letters,numbers and special characters.Hence alphanumeric screen,alphanumeric keyboard for displaying and entering aphanumeric characters. Alphanumeric Consisting of both letters and numbers. American National Standards Institute(ANSI) An association formed by the American government and industry to produce and disseminate widely used industrial