延续性动词与非延续性动词在在完成时中的运用.pptVIP

延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一、延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间,如：for 2 years，for a long time; since从句, 如：since he came here; since+时间点名词, 如：since last year, since 5 days ago; how long等。 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin(start), finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; eg：He died 5 years ago. 终止性动词所表示的动作极其短暂且不能持续，所以在完成时的肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：for 3 years，since he came here，how long，ect.且看下面三个错误句子： 1)Jim has come here for five years. 2)He has died for 3 years. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 如果终止性动词在现在完成时句子中需要同有段时间状语连用，解决这一逻辑矛盾的方法就是将终止性动词转换为延续性动词。 三、延续性动词与终止性动词之间的转换 1、用相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词： borrow --- keep, buy --- have,?? become/come/go---be , catch a cold --- have a cold, ? open sth. --- keep sth. open,? put on-- wear , eg. I bought the book 5 days ago.? I have had the book for 5 days. 2、将终止性动词转换为be+介词短语 begin/start --- be on,? ?finish --- be over,? join --- be in+组织机构/be a member of+组织机构,? go to school—be in school , get to/ arrive/reach /come/go/move--- be in/at+sw. put on—be on eg.He has been in school for 9 years. 3、将终止性动词转换为be+名词 join the army—be a soldier, join the League/Party—be a League/Party member go to school—be a student eg . He joined the Party 2 years ago. He has been in the Party for 2 years.?? 4、用be+adj./adv.结构替换非延续性动词 ?close/open—be closed/open , come /go back/return --- be back, come here --- be here, die --- be dead,? fall asleep --- be asleep, fall ill ---? be ill,?? finish/end/complete → be over, go there --- be there, go/leave --- be away（from）, go (get) out →be out, get up---be up,? ?marry →be married,? move—be out of eg. The old man died 4 years ago.? The old man has been dead for 4 years.??? 5、去掉短语中的结束性动词 begin to study—study, come to work=work, get to know --- know