制冷循环讲义资料.pptVIP

During this period we will again analyze the basic vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. However, this time we will use a graphic tool called the pressure–enthalpy chart. Principles of Heat Transfer Air-conditioning and refrigeration systems use the principles of heat transfer to produce cooling and heating. The three principles discussed in this clinic are: Heat energy cannot be destroyed; it can only be transferred to another substance Heat energy flows from a higher temperature substance to a lower temperature substance Heat energy is transferred from one substance to another by one of three basic processes To produce cooling, heat must be removed from the substance by transferring it to another substance. The first principle to discuss regarding heat transfer is that heat energy cannot be destroyed; it can only be transferred to another substance. This is commonly referred to as the principle of “conservation of energy.” Ice cubes are typically placed in a beverage to cool it before it is served. As heat is transferred from the beverage to the ice, the temperature of the beverage is lowered. The heat removed from the beverage is not destroyed but instead is absorbed by the ice, changing the ice from a solid to a liquid. The second principle is that heat naturally flows from a higher temperature substance to a lower temperature substance; in other words, from hot to cold. Heat cannot flow from a cold substance to a hot substance. Consider the example of the beverage and the ice cubes. As long as the temperature of the beverage is higher than the temperature of the ice cubes, heat will always flow from the beverage to the ice cubes. The third principle is that heat is transferred from one substance to another by one of three basic processes: conduction, convection, and radiation. The device shown is a baseboard convector that is commonly used for heating a space. It can be used to demonstrate all three processes of transferring heat. Hot water flows throu