郑州大学双学位课件——项目管理概念.pptVIP

* The final phase of the project life cycle is terminating the project. When a project is completed, certain close-out activities need to be performed, such as confirming that all deliverables have been provided to and accepted by the customer, that all payments have been collected. An important task during this phase is evaluating performance of the project in order to learn what could be improved if a similar project were to be carried out in the future. 终止项目。 当项目结束时，某些扫尾工作仍需完成。 * The four phases of the project life cycle and the relative amount of effort and time devoted to each phase. * First phase A Identifying the need or problem Second phase B Third phase C Fourth phase D Developing the proposed solution Implementing the proposed solution Terminating the project * In other situations, a customer may go through the first two phases of the project life cycle in a less structured, more informal manner. In general, the project life cycle is followed in a more formal and structured manner when a project is conducted in a business setting. 当项目在商业环境中执行时，项目生命周期会以更正式、更结构化的方式展开。 当项目由私人或志愿者执行时，项目生命周期则趋向于较非正式的形式。 * 1.3 The project management process The project management process means planning the work and then working the plan. A coaching staff may spend hours preparing…… 项目管理过程就是制定计划，然后按计划工作。 * Project management involves a process of first establishing a plan and then implementing that plan to accomplish the project objective. The front-end effort in managing a project must be focused on establishing a baseline plan that provides a roadmap for how the project scope will be accomplished on time and within budget. 集中精力建立一个基准计划，为在预算之内按时完成项目范围提供一份路线图。 * Planning what needs to be done, who will do it, how long it will take, how much it will cost, a baseline plan This planning effort includes the following steps: * ◇1. Clearly define the project objective. The definition must be agreed upon by the customer and the individual or organization who will perform the p