柴油机尿素SCR混合器设计与仿真研究-车辆工程专业论文.docxVIP

柴油机尿素 SCR 混合器设计与仿真研究 摘 要 SCR 技术中不合理的尿素喷射过程中会存在氨气泄漏与尿素结晶问题，前者会 导致二次污染和原料浪费，后者会导致原料浪费并造成排气管堵塞，二者都会降低 NOx 的转化效率。本文主要设计了一款安装在排气管上的混合器，以此来提高尿素 水解成氨气后在排气管中与柴油机尾气的混合程度。 全文主要从理论介绍和仿真研究两方面开展工作。理论介绍方面，主要介绍了柴 油机 SCR 系统的结构组成和技术原理、SCR 尿素喷射技术的国内外发展状况，重点 阐述了 SCR 尿素喷射影响因素、CFD 相关理论基础介绍。仿真研究方面，主要围绕 排气管中混合器的设计方案进行仿真。对原排气管进行了 CFD 仿真分析，以探寻排 气管中混合气体的分布规律；.以柴油机十三工况试验为依据，对不同工况下的原排 气管进行了 CFD 仿真，以探寻不同工况对混合气体的分布的影响规律；再对增加混 合器后的排气管进行了 CFD 仿真，分析了不同叶片数目、不同叶片形状、不同混合 器安装位置等三种情况，以探寻增加混合器对混合气体分布的影响规律。 综合本研究的研究成果可知，采取叶片数目为 3、叶片形状为弯曲叶片、安装 位置离喷嘴距离为 100mm 左右的混合器是本次研究的最佳方案。本文的仿真研究为 SCR 系统排气管中混合器设计提供了依据。 关键词：柴油机，SCR，CFD，混合器 I I II THE SIMULATION AND DESIGN OF UREA SCR MIXER OF DIESEL ENGINE ABSTRACT Unreasonable urea injection process in SCR may lead to urea crystallization which will block the exhaust pipe and NH3 leakage is also a big problem that will damage the environment. Both of them will reduce the conversion efficiency of NOx in SCR reaction. This paper mainly designs a mixer installed in the exhaust pipe, which is aim to improve the mixing degree. This paper mainly includes two aspect, they are theory introduction and simulation research. The first is about theory introduction, the structure and technology principle of SCR system are introduced. CFD theory is also described. The second is about simulation research, this research mainly focuses on the simulation of mixers design, which mainly includes amount of blades, shape of blades, locations of mixers. The goal of mixers design is to improve the flow mixing index of NH3 and hot-air which can promote the SCR reaction between NH3 and NOx. The conclusion is that the mixer, with 3 twisted blades, located about 100mm downstream of the urea injector is the best solution. This research provides simulation basement for the mixer design of diesel engine urea SCR system. KEY WORDS：Diesel engine, SCR , CFD, Mixer V VI 目 录 第一章 绪 论 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 柴油机氮氧化物生成机理与危害 2 1.2.1 柴油机氮氧化物生成机理 2 1.2.2 柴油机尾气中氮氧化物的危害 2 1.3 车用污染物排放标准 3 1.4 柴油机排放控