大脑神经可塑性与情绪障碍治疗.pptVIP

Treating emotional disorders with neuroplasticity in mind 大脑神经可塑性与情绪障碍的治疗 Part I: Basics about neuron 第1部分：神经元基础知识 Dendrite, Axon, and Synapse 树突, 轴突和突触 Dendritic length and dendritic spines 树突长度和树突刺 Factors that affect dendritic length, spines density, and actual numbers of receptors影响树突长度, 树突刺密度, 和实际受体数量的因素 Genes 基因 Learning experience 学习经验 Emotional experience 情感经验 Part II: Basics about neuroplasticity 第2部分：神经可塑性基础知识 (3) Experience-induced changes in synaptic efficiency (Kandel, 2001) 经验诱导的突触功效改变 (5) Chronic stress, elevated cortisol, suppressed neurogenesis and shrunk hippocampus 长期压力, 皮质醇升高, 抑制神经元形成, 海马萎缩 (Gould Tanapat, 1999) Part III: How does emotional dysregulation lead to dysregulated brain? 第3部分：情绪失调怎样导致大脑失调 Dual-process model of emotion regulation (LeDoux,1996)情绪调节的双轨模式 Immediate threat and the ANS 直接威胁与自主神经系统 The immediate threat alarm直接威胁警报 Adrenal medulla releases adrenaline and noradrenaline 肾上腺释放肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素 Adrenaline and noradrenaline immediately set the body in ‘fright- fight-flight’ (FFF) alarm mode: contract skeletal muscle, increase heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, increase metabolic rate, and delay muscular fatigue 肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素立刻让身体处于战斗警觉状态：骨骼肌收缩, 心率, 血压, 呼吸频率增加, 新陈代谢率提高, 延缓肌肉疲劳 What happen if threats persist? 如果威胁持续会怎样？ Chronic threat and the HPA慢性威胁与HPA (下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺轴) The long-term struggle alarm 长期战斗警报 Endocrine system releases cortisol 内分泌系统释放皮质醇 Cortisol breakdowns amino acids, body fat and proteins into glucose (gluconeogenesis糖异生) to guarantee sufficient long term supply of energy in our body to deal with long term struggle 皮质醇将氨基酸, 身体脂肪和蛋白质分解成葡萄糖以确保对身体充分长期的能量供给以应付长期战斗 Cortisol suppresses peptides and proteins synthesis in our body. Neurotransmitters, neurons, enzymes, body cells and antibodies are all either amino acids, peptides or proteins. Long term suppression of peptides or proteins synthesis can lead to their deficiencies and the associated mental and physical problems 皮质醇抑制体内生物肽和蛋白质的合