多糖凝胶在陶瓷凝胶注模成型中的应用-材料工程专业论文.docxVIP

多糖凝胶在陶瓷凝胶注模成型中的应用 摘 要 新型陶瓷胶态成型工艺可以降低陶瓷的制造成本，提高陶瓷零部件的可靠性，因而 受到广泛的关注。凝胶注模成型的坯体强度高，近净尺寸，并且可以成型复杂性质大尺 寸坯体等优点，被认为是一种可能的工业化方法。但是，由于单体丙烯酰胺具有神经毒 性，限制了其推广应用。本论文基于凝胶注模成型，利用天然多糖高分子的凝胶特性来 实现陶瓷浆料的原位凝固，从而实现陶瓷的无毒凝胶注模成型。研究了结冷胶、卡德兰 胶的凝胶行为，探讨了这两种高分子凝胶在陶瓷凝胶注模成型中的应用。 研究了温度、浓度、离子种类等因素对结冷胶和卡德兰胶凝胶行为的影响，并探讨 结冷胶对氧化铝悬浮体流变性能的影响。两种胶的凝胶点都在 40 °C 左右，结冷胶加入 离子后的凝胶强度高于卡德兰胶，并且结冷胶凝胶需要的浓度特别低。并将两种多糖凝 胶应用在氧化铝和氧化锆中的凝胶注模成型工艺当中，制备出性能优良，结构致密的陶 瓷，对陶瓷凝胶注模的发展具有重要的意义。 在氧化铝浆料和氧化锆浆料中加入卡德兰胶后加热使之溶解，或将浆料加热后再加 入结冷胶溶液，然后将加热后含有多糖的浆料注入非孔模具，放置在室温下，随着浆料 冷却，多糖分子会产生凝胶，浆料就会发生原位凝固。利用这种方法可以制备复杂形状 的陶瓷坯体，并且表面光滑，密度分布均匀，是一种近净尺寸成型的方法。坯体的干燥 收缩率在 2%左右，干坯抗压强度通常可达 4 MPa 左右，结冷胶含量为 0.5~1 wt%，卡 德兰胶含量为 2~3 wt%（以水为基）。烧结得到的氧化铝坯体收缩率为 20%左右，相对 密度可达 98%以上，抗弯强度可达 300 MPa 以上。利用这两种多糖进行陶瓷凝胶注模成 型，能够得到性能良好的复杂形状陶瓷坯体。 关键词: 凝胶注模成型，胶态成型，结冷胶，卡德兰胶，流变性 APPLICATION OF POLYSACCHARIDE GELS IN CERAMIC GEL-CASTING PROCESS Abstract New ceramic colloidal forming has attracted wide attention because it can reduce the manufacturing cost of ceramic products as well as improve the reliability of ceramic parts such as direct coagulation casting, gel casting process. Among them, green body with high strenght, near net shape, complex shape and large size can be formed throught gel-casting, but the acrylamide monomer is neurotoxic, which limits its further application. In this paper, gel-casting based on gel properties of natural polysaccharide polymer was used to achieve in-situ consolidation of ceramic slurry, so as to realize the non-toxic gel-casting of ceramic. Gelation behavior of gellan gum and curdlan were studied, the application of the two kinds of polymer gel in gelcasting were discussed. The influence factors of temperature, concentration, ionic species on gellan gum and curdlan gel behavior were studied, the effect of gellan gum on the rheological behavior of alumina suspension was investigated. The gel-point of the two polysaccharose is about 40 centigrade, the gelation strength of gellan gum with cations is higher than that of curdlan, moreover, the concen