静脉输液新理念及器材选择幻灯片.pptVIP

* 只比CV PORT 高(0.2%) PICC 0.4% PIV 0.6% * * Complex slide… shows the geometry and benefits of using a needle guide. The probe must be at a right angle to the skin for the guide to place the bevel of the needle entering the vein within the ultrasound beam, thus allowing visualization of the venipuncture. The angle of insertion is dictated by the needle guide that is selected. 药物的特性 许多药物由于它的渗透压和pH值对血管内膜具有刺激性，在没有血液充分稀释的情况下，这些刺激性药物损伤内膜 血管毒性药物则对内膜损伤巨大，并可能造成渗出坏死 pH值: 低于4.5或高于9.0引起静脉内膜损伤 需要血液稀释 渗透压: 文献表明：600mOSM/L 必定引起静脉炎 PH值 血液PH值为7.35-7.45 pH6.0-8.0：内膜刺激小 pH7.0为酸性 4.1为强酸性，无充分血流下可使静脉内膜组织发生明显