小升初语法--形容词和副词的比较级和最高级.docVIP

小升初语法总归 2016-05-27 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 一、形容词和副词的比较等级形式　　大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示 事物的等级差别。原级即形容词和副词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 　（1） 规则变化：音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词末尾加-er,-est。 tall(高的)great(巨大的) tallergreater tallestgreatest 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st 。 nice(好的)large(大的)able（有能力的) nicerlargerabler nicestlargestablest 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母， 再加-er，-est 。 big(大的)hot热的) biggerhotter biggesthottest “以辅音字母+y” 结尾的双音节词， 改y为i，再加 -er，-est 。 easy(容易的)busy(忙的) easierbusier easiestbusiest 少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est 。 clever(聪明的)narrow(窄的) cleverernarrower cleverestnarrowest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most 来构成比较级和最高级。 important(重要的)easily(容易地) more importantmore easily most importantmost easily 　　 （2）不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good(好的) / well(健康的) better best ill(有病的) / bad (坏的)/ badly (坏地) worse worst much/many(多的) more most little(少的) less least old (老的) older/elder比较老的/较年长的 oldest/eldest 最老的/最年长的 far (远的/地) farther/further farther/further 　　二、形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型。　　（1）as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 　　1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。 He cannot run so/as fast as you. 　　2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 　　 - as +形容词+ a +单数名词 This is as good an example as the other is. 　　 - as + many/much +名词 I can carry as much paper as you can.. 　 3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。 　　 - This room is twice as big as that one. - Your room is the same size as mine. 　　4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as ＜=＞ 倍数+ then + of 　　 - This bridge is three times as long as that one. 　　 - This bridge is three times the length of that one. 　　 - Your room is twice as large as mine. 　　 - Your room is twice the size of mine. 　　（2）比较级形容词或副词 + than - You are taller than I. 　　注意： 　　1）要避免重复使用比较级。 　　 - (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. 　　 - (对) He is more clever than his brother. 　　 - (对) He is clever than his brother. 　　2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 　　 - (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. 　　 - (对