变质岩岩石学-5 变质相变质带和变质相系2010.ppt

* Because intrusions can stall at practically any depth, and orogenic geotherms are quite variable, there is considerable overlap and gradation between the hornfels facies types and the corresponding medium-pressure facies immediately below them on Fig. 25-2 * Because intrusions can stall at practically any depth, and orogenic geotherms are quite variable, there is considerable overlap and gradation between the hornfels facies types and the corresponding medium-pressure facies immediately below them on Fig. 25-2 * Miyashiro extended the facies concept to encompass broader progressive sequences: facies series * The contrast between Miyashiro’s higher-T-lower-P Ryoke-Abukuma belt (Section 21.6.3) and the classical Barrovian sequence also led him to suggest that more than one type of facies series is probable Metamorphic field gradients are highly variable (even in the same orogenic belt) and transitional series abound Miyashiro later chose to limit the number instead to the three broad major types of facies series (also called “baric types”) illustrated in Fig. 25-3 Although the boundaries and gaps between them are somewhat artificial, the three series represent common types of tectonic environments * The high P/T series, for example, typically occurs in subduction zones where “normal” isotherms are depressed by the subduction of cool lithosphere faster than it can equilibrate thermally The facies sequence here is (zeolite facies) - (prehnite-pumpellyite facies) - blueschist facies - eclogite facies. The medium P/T series is characteristic of common orogenic belts (Barrovian type) The sequence is (zeolite facies) - (prehnite-pumpellyite facies) - greenschist facies -amphibolite facies - (granulite facies) Crustal melting under water-saturated conditions occurs in the upper amphibolite facies (the solidus is indicated in Fig. 25-2) The granulite facies, therefore, occurs only in water-deficient rocks, either dehydrated lower crust, or areas with high XCO2 in the fl