植物种子油体的取及其性质的初步研究.docVIP

基金项目：国家自然科学青年基金 收稿日期：2015-10-19 作者简介：陈雅静，女，1992年11月出生，硕士，植物蛋白 通讯作者：陈业明，男，1982年12月出生，副教授，植物蛋白 植物种子油体的提取及其性质的初步研究 陈雅静 赵路苹 华欲飞 陈业明 （食品科学与技术国家重点实验室 江南大学食品学院，无锡 214122） 摘 要 植物种子油体是一种天然的微胶囊，含有丰富不饱和脂肪酸和磷脂、维生素E及植物甾醇等生物活性小分子。因此，在食品、化妆品和制药等领域有很大的运用潜力。本研究选取8种植物种子（椰子、油菜籽、核桃仁、南瓜籽、花生、油茶籽、杏仁和红花籽），在尿素条件下提取不同种子油体，考察并比较不同种子油体的表观、粒径大小、pH稳定性及蛋白组成，为植物种子油体的利用提供理论基础。主要结果表明，利用8 mol/L尿素可获得高纯度的油体，不同植物种子油体的颜色和风味各不相同；显微镜（400×）下观察到8种植物种子油体乳液分散较为均匀，其中除油菜油体太小观察不到外，其他油体均呈球形；不同植物种子油体粒径大小不同；pH对于8种植物种子油体乳液的分散稳定性的影响各不相同；通过电泳表征和质谱分析发现8种植物种子油体蛋白分子质量分布情况差别很大。 关键词 植物种子 油体 分散稳定性 粒径 油体蛋白 中图分类号：TS225.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-0174（ ） - - The Extraction and Properties of Plant Seed Oil Bodies Chen Yajing Zhao Luping Hua Yufei Chen Yeming (State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology，Jiangnan University，Wuxi 214122) Abstract Plant seed oil bodies (OBs), one kind of natural microcapsules, contain unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive components, such as phospholipids, tocopherol and phytosterol. They have great potentials to be used in foods, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and other applications requiring highly stable oil-in-water emulsions. In this study, eight varieties of plant seeds (coconut, rapeseed, walnut, pumpkin, peanut, camellia oleifera, almond and safflower) were selected to extract OBs, which was meaningful for comprehensively understanding the properties of OBs. Appearance, particle size, dispersion stability and protein composition of these OBs were compared. It was found that aqueous extraction with 8 mol/L urea could obtain highly purified OBs and each plant OBs had its unique characteristics in color and odor; eight OB emulsions were uniformly dispersed and their shapes were spherical by microscope (400×), whereas rapeseed OBs could not be observed; eight plant OBs had different particle sizes; dispersion stability of eight plant OB emulsions showed different trends as a function of pH; molecular weights and species of oleos