《学术英语写作教程》课件Chapter 02 Reading Sources Critically.ppt

2.5.5 Two common style guides: APA and MLA More information about APA://owl/resource/560/01//citing/styles/apa.php More information about MLA:/owl/resource/747/01//resrch/citmanage/mla/store/CID25/PID341 (to order) What APA and MLA have in common Both are widely used style guides for academic writing. (However, as already stated, there are other style guides; these are only two.)? Both include standards for documentation of sources.? Both style guides are periodically updated to accommodate new kinds of information. That is, although the standards are relatively stable, the standards do change slowly over time.? Both include two kinds of documentation: o In-text documentation to be used in the body of the paper o End-of-text documentation called References, Works Cited, or Bibliography.   How APA and MLA are different ? MLA (Modern Language Association) is used in some humanistic disciplines; APA is used in some of the social sciences (many other science and social science style guides are very similar to APA).? MLA places the date later; APA places the date earlier, right after the author.? MLA capitalizes key words of all titles: APA only capitalizes the beginning words and proper nouns (much like a sentence) in the titles of articles and books, but capitalizes all major words in the titles of journals.? MLA has author’s family name and given name; APA has author’s family name and fist and middle initials only.? MLA requires information about the medium (print, web, film, DVD, etc.); APA does not require the words “print” or “web” in the citation.? MLA does not require a DOI (to be explained below) for web-based sources; APA does require a DOI if available for web-based sources. Conventions for MLA ? In-text citations general format for MLA with examples Your sentence with indirect or “direct quotation” (Author’s family name page). E.g. There can be emotional costs when participating in exercises such as the blue-eye/brown eye