(致癌RNA病毒.pptVIP

* Molecular Virology Chapter 20 Retroviruses: Converting RNA to DNA 張文騰 One important ability of retrovirus: The conversion of genomic viral RNA into DNA Three groups of retrovirus: -Oncornavirus (致癌RNA病毒 ,白血病病毒（leukovirus )) --causes cancer -Lentivirus (慢病毒 )：(Lenti=slow) --a relative long incubation period -Spumavirus The molecular biology of retroviruses: 1. Retrovirus structural proteins -Envelop proteins (Env) -Capsid protein: group-specific antigen (Gag) -Enzymes: reverse transcriptase (Pol), protease (Prot), integrase (Int) 2. The retrovirus genome 3. Genetic maps of representative retroviruses Retroviruses: Oncornavirus -Avian leukosis virus (ALV), -Murine leukosis virus (MLV), -Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), -Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), -Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) Lentivirus -Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 5’ cap:R:U5(PB):(leader):gag:prot:pol:int:env:(PP):U3:R:PolyAn3’ R: repeat: important transcriptional signal utilized in proviral DNA U5: unique (獨特的):important transcriptional signal utilized in proviral DNA PB: primer binding site: site for tRNA primer for initiation of reverse transcription binds Leader sequence: contains the genome package signals PP:polypurine tract: important in generating DNA from RNA The retrovirus genome and genetic mapping Other genes v-onc: viral oncogene (有別於 c-onc: cellular oncogene) For example: v-src: RSV的v-onc tax and rex: activator to stimulate cell division and metabolic activity Replication of retrovirus 1. Initiation of infection -Generation of cDNA -Migration of the cDNA (with integrase) into the nucleus -Expression of viral mRNA and RNA genome --Action of reverse transcriptase and RNase H 2. Capsid assembly and maturation The replication cycle of a retrovirus *