感官分析好参考资料.ppt

The Sense of Smell 嗅觉 Procedures For Smelling闻香的程序 Repeated short or long hard sniffs. 或长或短地重复用力吸气 Sniff same number of times resting in between each series 每次休息时吸气次数保持一致 Solids or semi-solids should be stirred or broken in order to expose to a fresh surface 固体或半固体应搅拌或破碎以提供新鲜的表面 The Sense of Taste 味觉 Procedures For Tasting尝味的程序 Liquids 液体 Same amount for each judge 数量一致 Taste small sips and roll around mouth to activate all taste bud areas 啜饮以激活所有的味蕾 Or slurp so that liquid is sprayed uniformly throughout the mouth 或咕嘟咕嘟地喝，使液体均匀分布在口腔 Rinse mouth carefully with water or have a bite of cracker 仔细地漱口或者咬一口苏打饼干 Procedures For Tasting尝味的程序 Solids 固体 Take small mouthfeels or pieces around the tongue to activate all taste bud areas 取小块品尝，绕舌一圈，以激活所有的味蕾 Rinse and rest between samples to avoid carry-over or fatigue 品尝不同样品间要漱口和休息一下，以避免味道残留或味觉疲劳 Human as measuring Instrument 人类作为测量仪器 Human as measuring Instrument 人类作为测量仪器 Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素 Expectation error 期望错误 Stimulus error 刺激错误 Leniency error 宽大错误 Proximity error 近似错误 Central tendency error 中心化错误 Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素 Suggestion effect 暗示效应 Positional bias (order effect) 位置偏见(顺序效应) Contrast effect and 对照效应和集中错误convergence error Motivation 动力 Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素 Expectation error 期望的错误 Information given with the sample may trigger preconceived ideas 样品附带的信息可能导致先入为主 Stimulus error 刺激的错误 Irrelevant criteria , such as color or size influence the observer 无关的标准如颜色或大小会影响观察者 Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素 Leniency error 宽大的错误 Based on their feelings about the researcher, ignoring product differences 根据对研究者的感觉，而忽略了产品的差异 Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素 Positional bias (order effect) 位置偏见(顺序效应) Score the second product ( of a set of products) higher or lower than expected 给一组产品中第二个产品打分偏高或偏低 Contrast effec