广东高考语法填空中长难句结构剖析.docVIP

广东高考语法填空中长难句结构剖析 　　纵观近年广东高考试题及各地模拟题,可以发现语法填空中出现了一些结构复杂的句子。也许是命题者想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式,从而考查考生在篇章层面上理解并运用语法知识分析句子结构的能力。 　　从结构来说,英语句子中,除了谓语之外,其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。从功能来说,英语有三类从句,即:①名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②定语从句;③状语从句。非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态(过去分词除外),也可以有自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分,构成一个非谓语动词短语。由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点,使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。 　　这些长难句对考生解题似乎产生一定影响,现将其归类并逐一加以分析。 　　 　　类型一:复合句和并列句 　　 　　有些句子较长,有时甚至出现一个从句套另一个从句环环相扣的情况,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌,也可能并列、平行。 　　例如1:(2007年广东卷) “Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to___32___should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.” 　　全句是一个由when连接的并列句,并列连词when 意为“就在这时”。前一分句前有作状语的现在分词短语Cursing my misfortune,分句中还有where引导的宾语从句;在第二个并列分句中含有that引导的宾语从句,而宾语从句中又有一个由who引导的定语从句,修饰villagers;在这个宾语从句中的复合介词as to (至于) 后还接有一个宾语从句。32空 要填的词是引导宾语从句且在从句中充当主语,指人,所以答案为 who。 　　例2:(2009佛山二模) In Japan,for example,it is normal for the woman to send chocolates to the man, ___37___in Korea April 14th is known as “Black Day” and is when the unfortunate men who received nothing on Valentine’s Day gather to eat noodles and show sympathy for each other. 　　因In Japan, it is…与in Korea April 14th is…两句之间没有连词或分号应当填连词,两句之间是对比关系,故填并列连词while。在后一分句中when(是……的时候)引导表语从句,在表语从句中主语the unfortunate men后接定语从句who received nothing on Valentine’s Day,而gather to eat noodles and show sympathy for each other是并列谓语。 　　 　　类型二:复杂修饰成分 　　 　　句子本不难,但是修饰成分多且长。在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语或非谓语动词短语,且都不止一个。 　　例3:(2009茂名一模)In Indonesia, where Obama lived___35___a child, hundreds of students at his former elementary school erupted in cheers when he36___(declare) winner, pouring into the courtyard___37___they hugged, danced in the rain and chanted “Obama! Obama!” 　　这个句子的主句为hundreds of students erupted in cheers。这个句子修饰语很多:①地点状语In Indonesia,后跟where引导的非限制性定语从句,对Indonesia 起补充说明作用;②由when引导的时间状语从句;③现在分词短语 pouring into the courtyard作状语,后跟where引导的定语从句,定语从句中有三个并列的谓语动词。(答案:35. as 36. was dec