2018届牛津译林版九年级英语上册课件：Unit 4 Grammar(II).pptVIP

Unit 4 Growing up Grammar (II) B: Using since, till and until 1.How to use since since 译作“自从…以来” (1)接时间点：如 I have stayed in that country since 1995. 要求：谓v.用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词。 (2)接一段时间 + ago：如 They have lived in that house since two years ago. 要求：谓v.用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词。 (3)接时间状语从句：如 I have loved her since I met her last time. / Lily has stayed at home since she left school. 要求：主句的谓v.用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词；从句的谓v.用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。 (4)用于句型“It’s / It has been + 一段时间 + since + 时状语从句”中，译作“自从…以来, 已经…(时间)了”。如 It’s / has been three months since he moved to this city要求：主句的谓v.用一般现在时或现在完成时；从句的谓v.用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。 (5)用于句型“一段时间 + has passed since + 时间状语从句”中，译作“自从…以来, …(时间)已经过去了”。如上个例句还可写成： Three months has passed since he moved to this city. 要求：主句的谓v.用现在完成时，而且动词必须是has passed；从句的谓v.用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。 (6)注：当since用于否定句时，主句的谓v.可以是终止性动词。如 He hasn’t seen the film since last month. (7)相关词组：“从那时起”：ever since、since then、from then on. 注:ever since作为一个词组,放句尾可单独使用 如: I have given up smoking ever since. 另外，还可在since后接句子。since前加ever，只是加重语气而已。如: I have given up smoking ever since I caught a bad cough. (8) since还可引导原因状语从句，译作“由于；因为”，相当于because。如: Since he was lazy, he didn’t finish his homework. 2. How to use till and until Till and until mean up to a certainly time. Until can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence, but till is usually used in the middle of the sentence. a. 用于肯定句作“直到……为止”解时，主句的动词一般是延续到until / till所表示的时间为止。例如： 1). He waits until / till the children are asleep. 他等着直到孩子们睡熟。 2). I shall stay here until / till twelve oclock. 我将留在这里一直到十二点钟。 b.用于否定句作“在……以前”、“直到才”解时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到until / till 所表示的时间才发生。例如： He couldnt ride until / till he was fifteen years old. 他直到十五岁才会骑自行车。 c.用于“not...until...”的句式可以转换成when 或after引导 时间状语从句，但主句必须要用肯定形式。例如： 1).They didnt get off until the train came to a complete stop.=They got off after the train came to a complete stop. 火车停了他们才下车。 2). The student wont come into the classroom until t