《在失重状态下的固-液分离器的结构设计与数值模拟研究》-毕业论文.docVIP

PAGE 摘　　要 随着大功率航天器的广泛使用，其散热的高效性受到越来越多的关注。有学者提出了一种新型的辐射散热器，它利用固液的高效混合换热，再将分离出的固体颗粒喷射到太空中进行辐射散热，以达到将废热排至外太空的目的。本文的研究方向是设计出适用于这种辐射器的固液分离装置，初步确定采用以旋流分离为主体，并在其溢流管部分添加一层多孔介质的方案。 本文首先对所采用分离器的发展概况和基本理论部分进行了阐述，并通过对分离器各结构参数影响的归纳分析，设计出了固液分离器的几何体。 采用了FLUENT软件中的RNG k-湍流模型和混合模型，对分离器内两相流动状态进行了数值模拟。分析了多孔介质的加入对分离器分离性能的影响，证明多孔介质的加入，有效地提高了分离效果。 探究了分离器内两相流流场，得到了不同截面上的速度分布、压力分布和浓度分布。结果表明分离器内流场存在内外旋流、短路流、循环流和零速包络面等特征；流场呈不对称分布；柱段和锥段均有一定的分离作用。 通过在其他条件一定的情况下，改变某一单一影响因素的方法，模拟了不同工况下分离器的分离性能，分析了进口速度、进料浓度、两相密度差和固体颗粒粒径对分离性能的影响。得到的结论有进口速度越大，分离器分离性能越好，且越有利于细颗粒的分离；随着进口浓度的增加，分离器的分离性能呈现下降趋势，对一定结构的分离器，其进液浓度不宜过高；分离器的分离性能随着固液密度差的增加而提高，且增加幅度呈减小趋势；颗粒粒径越大，颗粒分级效率越大。 关键词：固液分离 旋流器 多孔介质 数值模拟 分离性能 Structural design and numerical simulation research of solid-liquid separator in weightlessness Abstract With the widely use of large power spacecrafts, the efficiency of taking out heat from them to space has received more and more attention. Some academicians advance a new type of radiation heat exchanger. It utilizes the highly efficiency of mixed heat transfer between solid and liquid, and then make the separated solid particles eject into space to discharge heat by radiation, thus it can achieve the purpose of taking out heat from spacecrafts to space. Designing a kind of solid-liquid separator which is suitable for the radiation heat exchanger above is the main purpose of this article, preliminary determination is adopting the plan which is using hydro-cyclone separator as the main body, and adding a piece of porous at overflow pipe of the separator. It expounds the development and the basic theory of involved separators at first. Through summary and analysis to the influence of structure parameter, it designs the geometry of the separator. It simulates the two phase flow state in the separator with RNG k- turbulence model and mixture model of FLUENT. It analyze the adding of porous’ influence on separation effect, and prove that the adding of porous effectively improve the separation performance. It rese