《实数完备性定理的证明及应用论文》-毕业论文.doc

PAGE l 摘 要 本文阐述了实数集上七个基本定理及其相关内容. 以实数系的连续性为公理, 顺序证明.先以单个定理证明其他.其中重点证明了区间套定理及有限开覆盖定理与其他定理之间的等价关系.之后用不同于一般教材的证明顺序进行七个定理之间的循环证明, 从而得出它们相互等价的结论.最后，介绍其在连续函数性质等领域的重要应用，并进行了推广，进一步说明实数完备性定理在整个数学分析中的基础性地位. 关键词：实数完备性；实数连续性；收敛点；有限开覆盖 ABSTRACT In this paper, seven fundamental theorems and related content set on the real number are described . To the continuity of the real number system for the justice, order that. First, I use a single theorem prove the others. The relationship between interval sets of theorems, finite open covering theorem and other theorems are focused on in this paper. After the cycle proof which is different from the normal one, I draw the conclusion of their equivalence to each other. Finally, I introduce the important application in the fields of continuous function of its nature. In the following, the application is extended. The basic position of the real completeness theorem in the mathematical analysis is showed strongly. Key words：Completeness of real numbers；real numbers continuity；convergent spots；limited open cover 目 录 摘要………………………………………………..…….….…………….. = 1 \* ROMAN I ABSTRACT…………….……………………..…………………………………… = 2 \* ROMAN II 1 前言……….…………………………………………….….…………………………….1 1.1.实数的引入…………….….……………………………………………………..1 1.1.1域公理…………….….………………………………………………….1 1.1.2 全序公理…………….….………………………………………………1 1.1.3 Archimedes公理…………….….……………………………………...1 1.1.4完备性公理…………….….…………………………………………….2 1. 2实数七个基本定理的引入…………….….…………………………………2 1.2.1确界原理…………………….……….….……………………………2 1.2.1单调有界定理………………….……….….……………………………2 1.2.3柯西准则…………….….……………………………………………….2 1.2.4致密性定理…………….….…………………………………………….2 1.2.5聚点定理…………….….……………………………………………….2 1.2.6区间套定理…………….….…………………………………………….2 1.2.7有限开覆盖定理…………….….……………………………………….3 2实数完备性定理的相互证明……..….……………………………………4 3实数完备性定理的循环证明……………………………………………………10 3.1确界原理证明单调有界定理…………….….……………………………….10 3.2单调有界定理证明区间套定理…………….….…………………………….10 3.3 区间套定理证明有限开覆盖定理…………….….…………………………10 3.4有限开覆盖定理证明聚点定理…………….….…………………………….10 3.5聚点定理证明致